9th International Congress on Psychopharmacology & 5th International Symposium on Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

0058 The Effect of Demographic Characteristics on Symptom Scores in Untreated Schizophrenic Patients Abdurrahim Bakirhan, Safak Yalcin Sahiner and Volkan Sahiner Elbistan State Hospital, Elbistan, Turkey; Ankara Numune Research and Treatment Hospital, Ankara, Turkey E-mail address: a.bakirhan@yandex.com ABSTRACT Objectives: Schizophrenia is a disorder with different clinical features. Schizophrenia may start insidiously and slow and go on for many years. But the negative symptoms and deficiency symptoms leading to social deterioration may come to the forefront. All these factors are taken into consideration, our aim in this study was to examine the demographic and clinical effects of symptoms on schizophrenic patients who have not yet been treated. Methods: Eighty patients who were admitted to the Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic, who did not have any previous antipsychotic medications and who did not use medications at the time of admission and who met the criteria for schizophrenia according to the DSM-5. Sociodemografic Data Form and the PANSS scale were used to assess the clinical status of the patients. Results: When the demographic characteristics of the participants were examined, 33 (41.2%) were female and 47 (58.8%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 31.08±9.37; mean education year was 8.76±3.53. When the patients participating in the study were evaluated in terms of gender, marital status, working status, smoking status, and family history, no statistical differences were found between the groups in terms of their PANSS scores (p>0.05). However, the PANSS Negative subscale scores (p<.001), general psychopathology scores (p=0.006), and total PANSS scores (p=0.003) were statistically significantly different between the three groups when the patients were untreated for 0–1 years, 1–5 years, and 5 years. Conclusions: In this study none of the sociodemographic factors we assessed had any effect on symptom severity. However, there are different results in the literature regarding gender, age, marital status and working status. Besides, it has been determined that the most important clinical manifestation in our study is the period without treatment. Further studies should identify demographic and clinical features that affect schizophrenic symptom changes.

was 27.17 (±10.76). The most common diagnosis is schizophrenia, which is 63.6% (n=150). Psychiatric co-morbidity was found in 29.7% of the patients. The proportion of patients with medical comorbidity was 40.3% (n=95). 14.4% (n=34) of the patients have a family history of psychotic disorder. 66.1% of the cases (n=156) had at least one hospitalization in our hospital. 27.5% (n=65) of the patients were administere ECT treatment. When the psychopharmacological treatments used by the patients were reviewed, it was seen that olanzapine was the most commonly used antipsychotic agent with 36.0% (n=85). 64.8% (n=153) of the patients use at least one depot antipsychotic. In 13 cases depot antipsychotics were used in the form of double or triple combinations. Of the patients, 3.8% (n=9) were using only one antipsychotic agent. There was a significant positive correlation between the age of onset of illness, the mean duration of recent hospitalization, ECT and clozapine treatment application, and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) disease severity scores. Conclusions: This retrospective study assessed the importance of psychotic disorders and especially long-term follow-up of schizophrenia, treatment protocols, and their effect on treatment outcomes.     number of completed categories in WCST; the completion time for TMT-A and B forms; the completion time for part one, three, four and five of Stroop test; and immediate memory scores from AVLT. There was a negative correlation between the education period of patients and the completion time for A and B forms of TMT, number of total errors in WCST, number of perseverative and nonperseverative errors. Positive correlations were found between the education level and the number of completed categories in WCST and delayed recall scores.
Conclusions: As a result, social anxiety disorder patients had impaired attention, executive functions and immediate memory performance compared to the healthy control group. The memory functions of social anxiety disorder patients were impaired with increased age. Abstract:0043

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children Who Underwent Liver Transplantation
Yıldız Marangoz a , Burcu Akın Sarı a , Zeren Barış b and Figen Özçay b version of Wender Utah Rating Scale which consisting of 25-items on a five-point Likert-scale. Participants rated current adult ADHD symptoms with the Adult ADHD DSM-IV-Based Diagnostic Screening and Rating Scale and severity of symptoms measured by the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). Internet addiction was assessed with Young's Internet Addiction Scale. Results: We determined that none of 30 Adult ADHD patients have been diagnosed with Internet Addiction. 29 of patient have moderate internet use although 1 of patients have risky internet use. The results revealed that total ASRS scores (p=0.020), total Adult ADHD DSM-IV-Based Diagnostic Screening and Rating Scale scores (p=0.036), and the Attention Deficit related properties subscale scores (p=0.042) were significantly correlated with the internet addiction scale total score. Subscale of the self report scales including; failing to finish schoolworks, chores, or duties at workplace, difficulty of following through on instructions (p=0.017), restlessness; impaired inhibitory performance (p=0.017), feeling not confident (p=0.017), difficulty of managing time (p=0.047), failing to give close attention to details or making careless mistakes (p=0.037) were significantly correlated with the Internet Addiction Scale total score. Conclusions: Clinical features, which are characteristic of Adult ADHD could have same shared etiology with Internet Addiction. Furthermore, ADHD patients are more likely to have an internet addiction diagnosis. However we thought that this result had to be supported with studies with larger samples. . Impulsivity is not a well-studied subject yet. The goal of the present study is to determine the link between fibromyalgia and ADHD and also to reveal the relevance of impulsivity dimension.
Methods: The study sample is comprised of 78 female with fibromyalgia who presented to The Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic in Ceyhan State Hospital and 54 healty female controls. The diagnosis of fibromyalgia was made by an experienced physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist through consideration of American Romatology Association Diagnostic Criteria (1990). The diagnosis of ADHD was made by an experienced psychiatrist using the DSM-5 criteria. The Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Selfreport Scale, the Wender-Utah Rating Scale (WURS), the Barrat Impulsiveness Scale (BIS)-Short Form.
Results: Mean age of fibromyalgia group and control group was 40.3±9.39 and 38.9±8.,92, respectively. ADHD was diagnosed in 29.5% of fibromyalgia group, and 7.4% of control group; childhood and adolescent ADHD ratios were 33.3%and 11.1%, respectively. These findings were statistically significant (p=0.002, p=0.003). Fibromyalgia group scores was found to be significantly higher than control group scores of WURS; ADHD self-report scale, attention subscale, hyperactivity-impulsivity subscale; BIS non-planning and attentional impulsivity (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05; respectively). Conclusions: Present study has shown that both adult and childhood ADHD is pretty common occurence in female fibromyalgia patients. There was a link between fibromyalgia and impulsivity. We concluded that certain subtpyes of fibromylagia and attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder might have shared common etiological pathways. In the crude models, GMV, FA and D̅ were highly related to how many different cardiovascular medications participants took. This did not change after correcting for age and gender and for cardiovascular diseases. In contrast, WMV was not associated with the number of cardiovascular medications in the crude model or after correction for age, sex and cardiovascular illness. In the fully corrected models; cardiovascular diseases made a significant contribution to WMV, but not to GMV or FA and D̅ independent of medication.

Conclusions:
The results suggest that number of cardiovascular medications had an effect on gray matter volume and white matter integrity, independent of age, gender, and number of cardiovascular diagnoses. So intensity of treatment may be related to the architecture of gray and white matter, while it had no effect on white matter volume. However, the number of cardiovascular diagnoses had a direct effect on WMV, which was not mediated by number of medications. Objective: Neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia are prevalent and extremely burdening for the patient and caregivers, but underlying mechanism of these symptoms has not been examined. This study aimed to examine the relationship between neuropsychiatric symptoms and default-mode functional connectivity in Alzheimer's disease. Methods: Functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on seventy patients with Alzheimer's disease during rest. We conducted seed-based functional connectivity analysis and correlated the scores on neuropsychiatric inventory syndromes (apathy, hyperactivity, affective, and psychosis syndrome) with maps of connectivity in the default-mode network.

KEYWORDS
Results: There was a significant correlation between decreased connectivity in the medial prefrontal cortex of the anterior default-mode network and hyperactivity (agitation, irritability, aberrant motor behavior, euphoria, and disinhibition) syndrome.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that hyperactivity syndrome is related to hypoconnected default-mode network in Alzheimer's disease. These finding suggest that specific network alterations are associated with certain neuropsychiatric syndromes. ABSTRACT Objective: Recent studies have shown that Akt/GSK-3β/β-Catenine intracellular signaling pathway may play a role in pathophysiology of schizophrenia and an important target for the treatment. Glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, such as non-competitive antagonist MK-801, are used for establishing animal models of schizophrenia but results are highly controversial in terms of main cellular pathway; Akt/GSK-3β/β-Catenine both for model and effects of antipsychotics. In this study, we aimed to examine the role of Akt/GSK-3β/β-Catenine pathway in SH SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells exposed to MK-801 with and without olanzapine. Methods: In order to examine cell viability, gene and protein expressions with Xcelligence Real Time Cell Analyse (RTCA), Real Time PCR (Rt-PCR) and Western Blot in SH SY5Y cell line were used. Cells were divided into Control, MK-801 (100 μM), Olanzapine (10 uM), MK-801 +Olanzapine groups. RTCA assay was measured every 15 min, Rt-PCR and Western Blot was conducted 24 hours after treatments. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way or twoway analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Our results showed that MK-801 decreased cell viability at 6th, 12th, and 24th hours compared to the control group. Olanzapine pretreatment increased cell viability at 24th hours compared to MK-801 group. In Rt-PCR, MK-801 increased GSK-3β and decreased β-Catenine gene expressions while Olanzapine reduced GSK-3β and elevated β-Catenine gene expressions in both single and MK-801-induced conditions. In Western Blot, MK-801 increased GSK-3β/p-GSK-3β protein expression compared to Control group. Although olanzapine prone to reverse the effect of MK-801, these changes did not reach statistical significance.

KEYWORDS
Conclusions: In our study, we showed that intracellular Akt/GSK-3β/β-Catenine pathway contributed to MK-801 caused cell damage and the effect of MK-801 was partially reversed by olanzapine. It will be beneficial to do further studies to examine same pathway in in vivo models of schizophrenia. According to the assessment of the eating attitude score, we determined that 65.6% of women and 73.7% of men had low risk of eating behavior disorder; according to the MOCI score, we found out that the incidence rate of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms was high in 53.1% of women, 34.2% of men. No statistically significant relationship was found between the MOCI and EAT-40 scores and BMI classifications of the students (p>0.05).

MK
Conclusions: As a result of the study, we concluded that there were differences between the body weight, height, and BMI of the students by gender, but these differences were not associated with the level of incidence of OCD symptoms and eating attitude habits. We think that similar studies should be carried out with a larger sample that assesses the eating attitudes and OCD symptoms of young university students.

KEYWORDS
Eating attitude; obsessivecompulsive disorder; university student  is not a single entity, but possibly a heterogeneous condition. Multiple factor analytic studies over the years have mostly identified a similar set of dimensions, and a metaanalysis of 21 studies identified four robust factors that include 1) symmetry 2) forbidden thoughts, 3) cleaning and 4) hoarding. There may be considerable diagnostic overlap between hoarding and impulse control disorders.
In this study, we examined impulsivity rates with "hoarding" symptom in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder.
Methods: Ninety-five OCD patients diagnosed by DSM-5 diagnostic criteria were included. Hoarding severity was scored using Hoarding Rating Scale-Interview (HRS-I). The HRS-I is a 5item semi-structured interview that measures the severity of hoarding symptoms. The Turkish version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) was used for measuring trait impulsivity.
Results: Seventy-one (74%) of the patients were female and 24 (26%) of them were male. The mean age of patients was 35.12±11.37. Hoarding Rating Scale-Interview score average was 9.95. The mean scores of the subscale scores related to CBT total, attention, motor and unplanned were 61.67±10.76; 16.58±4.08; 18.87±4.73 and 26.10±5.31, respectively. Statistically significant correlation was found between HRS-I scores and attention-related impulsivity (r=0.286, p<0.05) Conclusions: Recent neuropsychological studies have identified cognitive deficits in individuals with hoarding, including difficulties with response inhibition, attentional problems, and difficulties with planning or decision making. These cognitive impairments predicted an increased impulsivity. However, we observed a significant difference only with attention-related impulsivity. Given the strong indications that OCD has more cognitive impairment, treatment resistance and co-morbidity, it may be better understood that it is a symptom that needs to be studied. Objective: It is still unclear whether obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms in patients with schizophrenia are manifestations of psychosis, or that their presence defines a subgroup of patients who exhibit characteristics of both schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The aim of this study was to examine whether schizo-obsessive disorder and OCD alone differed in symptomatology or course (episodic vs. chronic) of the OCD. Methods: Diagnosis of schizophrenia and OCD was established using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID). 8 patients who met DSM-5 criteria for both schizophrenia and OCD, 11 OCD patients without schizophrenia were included in the study. Self-administered anonymous sociodemographic questionnaire, Yale-Brown Obssesive-compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) were conducted. A descriptive analysis was made, and the Chi-square and the Mann-Whitney U test was performed to compare the groups.

Obsessive
Results: There were no differences in total and subscale scores of Y-BOCS between the two groups. Schizo-OCD patients were significantly more likely to live in rural areas (p=0.048), to have a more chronic course (p=0.026) and previous history of any psychiatric disorder (p=0.040) compared to patients with OCD. The rate of ordering/arranging and, miscellenous compulsions were significantly higher in patients with schizo-obsessive disorder than in OCD alone.
Conclusions: In order to understand whether schizo-obsessive disorder patients represent a subgroup of schizophrenia, future researches are required. Objective: There is evidence that depression is linked to elevated inflammation which predicts antidepressant-resistance. Based on our previous work, agmatine, a novel neurotransmitter with antidepressant activity might also have therapeutic potential for inflammation aspect of depression. Therefore, we addressed the effect of chronically administered agmatine on certain indicators of brain inflammation induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), a well-validated animal model of depression, with regard to behavioral investigations. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats (290-320 g) were divided into groups; Control (saline), CUMS (saline), CUMS+Imipramine (10 mg/kg; i.p.), CUMS+Agmatine (40 mg/kg; i.p.), (n=10-12 in each). In CUMS model, various stressors were applied for 6 week. At 3rd week, the treatments were started for 21 days. Sucrose preference test (SPT) was applied in every two weeks. Finally, forced swim (FS) test was performed and rats were sacrificed. Prefrontal cortex tissues were used for Real-time PCR analysis of IL-1β, IL-6, Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), NLRP1 and caspase-1. Microglial activation was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis with a p<0.05 value to indicate statistical significance. Results: Sucrose preference was significantly reduced in CUMS exposed rats compared to control group while imipramine and agmatine treatments significantly ameliorated anhedonia behavior.
Conclusions: Our initial results demonstrated that agmatine exerted antidepressant-like effect in CUMS model of depression. In addition, unlike imipramine agmatine reduced neuroinflammatory response. Therefore, these findings provided translational aspects for clinical studies addressing agmatine as potential antidepressant for treatment-resistant depression especially when occured with elevated inflammation. Results: In diabetic rats, total volumes of the hippocampal pyramidal cell layer and the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus were higher than the corresponding values of the normoglycemic control animals. Subacute treatment with agomelatine reduced the increased volumes of the pyramidal and granular cell layers in diabetic animals.
Conclusions: Results of this study suggested that agomelatine treatment has restored the alterations occurred in the hippocampi of diabetic rats. Improvement in the impaired hippocampal neurogenesis, dendritic remodeling or preventing excessive apoptotic processes may be some possible mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of agomelatine on diabetic hippocampus. However, exact mechanism of this action needs to be clarified with further studies. Abstract:0202 Beneficial Effect of Tianeptine Treatment on Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperalgesia ABSTRACT Objective: Diabetes mellitus-induced chronic damage to central nervous system increases the risk of psychiatric disorders. Although several antidepressants or anxiolytics are currently prescribed for the therapy of emotional disorders, none of them is more promising than the others for diabetic population. Therefore, revealing the efficacy of psychoactive drugs in diabetic subjects might help psychiatrist for choosing favorable medication for diabetic patients.
As an antidepressant drug, mianserin has not been examined for its potential on diabetesinduced alterations in brain neurotransmitter level, so far. Therefore, in this study, we planned to examine efficacy of mianserin treatment on brain monoamine levels of diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced by a streptozotocin injection (50 mg/kg, i.v). 4-week diabetic rats were treated with mianserin (45 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 14 days. Then, modified forced swimming test (MFST) was conducted. Following the behavioral tests, rats were sacrificed and brains were removed. After a conventional homogenization process, the resulting supernatant was removed and used for further analytical studies. Determination of serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine levels was performed by liquid chromatography. The experimental protocol has been approved by the Local Ethical Committee on Animal Experimentation of Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
Results: In MFST, immobility behavior of diabetic rats were found to be increased regarding to the normoglycemic control animals, and mianserin treatment significantly reduced this increase. Chromatographic analyses proved that serotonin, noradrenalin and dopamine levels were decreased in brain homogenates of diabetic rats with respect to the normoglycemic controls. But, mianserin treatment significantly increased the reduced central noradrenaline and dopamine levels of diabetic rats; brain serotonin levels was also increased, slightly.

Conclusions:
Obtained results indicate that mianserin treatment, at daily 45 mg/kg dose, restores depression-like behaviors of diabetic rats to normal levels. Increased brain monoamine levels seem to be the related to this beneficial effect of mianserin.  Moreover, the ameliorating activity of DL77 (5 mg/kg, i.p.) in SCO-and DIZ-induced amnesia was partly reversed when rats were pretreated with the centrally-acting H2R antagonist zolantidine (ZOL, 10 mg/kg, i.p.), but not with the CNS penetrant H1R antagonist pyrilamine (PYR, 10 mg/kg, i.p.). Furthermore, ameliorative effect of DL77 (5 mg/kg, i.p.) in DIZ-induced amnesia was strongly reversed when rats were pretreated with a combination of ZOL (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and SCO (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.), indicating that these memory enhancing effects were, in addition to other neural circuits, observed through histaminergic as well as muscarinic cholinergic neurotransmission.
Conclusions: These results demonstrated that the ameliorative effects of DL77 in two in-vivo memory models and provided evidence for the potential of H3Rs for the treatment of degenerative disorders related to impaired memory function.

KEYWORDS
Histamine H3 receptor; learning; memory; passive avoidance paradigm; pyrilamine; zolantidine; DL77,  Conclusions: The reason that the number of females included in the study was less than the number of males was thought to be due to the fact that females were admitted to the hospital later than the onset of the illness. This finding might reflect the fact that females have more barrier to accsess psychiatric treatment. It has been concluded that paliperidone LAI, once a month, is more preferable to female patients since it is more advantageous in terms of treatment compliance.

KEYWORDS
Once-monthly palliperidone long acting injection; twicemonthly risperidone long acting injection; hospitalization duration; nonadherence      Conclusions: Our preliminary findings suggested that Turkish TCI-R was a valid and reliable tool with a robust factorial structure for further use in in the assessing of personality psychopathology in clinical populations in Turkey.  Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered to the participants. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows, Version 23.0. Results: Impulsiveness subscale of Novelty Seeking; Harm Avoidance and its subscales of Anticipatory worry, Fear of uncertainty, Shyness with strangers, and Fatigability and asthenia scores were significantly higher in CPD patients compared to the control group. Harm Avoidance and its subscales of Anticipatory worry, Fear of uncertainty, Shyness with strangers, and Fatigability and asthenia scores were significantly positively correlated with the BDI, BAI, and VAS scores. When VAS scores was entered as the dependent variable and age and gender were controlled in regression analysis, Harm Avoidance was significantly predictive of VAS scores. Conclusions: Temperament and character traits of the CPD patients were significantly different from the healthy control subjects. HA scores were higher and predictive of CPD compared to healthy controls. Objective: Empathy is an essential ability that allows us to tune into how others are feeling or thinking. Empathy not only promotes prosocial behavior, but also augments positive affect and resilience, which in turn fosters better coping with stressful situations. In this study, we aimed to examine the validity, reliability, and factor structure of the Empathy Quotient (EQ) in a Turkish sample. Methods: Participants were 436 mostly college students and civil servants (195 female, 241 male) who were living in Istanbul, Turkey. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Gaziosmanpasa University. Sociodemographic information of the participants was collected and the Turkish version of the Empathy Quotient (EQ), Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS) 33-item full version and MCSDS 13-item shorter versions were administered. All statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS version 23 for Windows. Results: An independent samples t-test was conducted to compare EQ scores in terms of gender. The results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between male and female participants regarding the EQ scores [t(434)=3.286, p=0.001]. EQ scores were significantly higher in female participants (X̅ Female =46.4462, SD Female =0.62421) compared to the male participants (X̅ Male =43.6763, SD Male =0.56541). The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the scale was 0.68. A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between the Turkish EQ and MCSDS Full version (r=0.287, p<0.01) and short form of MCSDS (r=0.119, p<0.05). A three factor solution that accounted for 25.27% of the variance observed. Conclusions: Our results suggested that Turkish EQ was a valid and reliable tool with a robust factorial structure to use in clinical population in Turkey. A better knowledge of empathy will have important implications for the examination and understanding of certain psychiatric disorders and may also provide important clues about the relevant brain circuitry underlying empathy.  (Table 1). Mothers attachment scores were positively correlated with fathers attachment scores and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale scores, and negatively correlated with Toronto Alexithymia Scale total scores. Toronto Alexithymia Scale total scores were negatively correlated with Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale scores. Other correlations were showed in Table 2. Conclusions: Level of self-esteem and alexithymia, and attachment security were not statistically significantly different between the adolescents with migraine and tension type headaches. However, mother and father attachment security levels of adolescents were correlated with decreased levels of alexithymia, consistent with the literature. Further studies with larger samples are needed to generalize these findings in patients with headaches.    Objective: The quality of life is very important especially in chronic diseases, one of the group of patients in which quality of life changes were seen most frequently among the patients presented to the Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Department. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life of patients with fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis in the rheumatic diseases group.
Methods: The sample of the study was created by adult volunteers who had been admitted to the Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation at the Düzce University between May 2016 and November 2016, for rheumatic disease complaints. After quality control checking of the data, patients who were diagnosed as fibromyalgia (n=59), osteoarthritis (n=165), and rheumatoid arthritis (n=57) were evaluated. Short Form Health Survey version-2.0 (SF-36v2), 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), 8-Item Short Form Health (SF-8), the Short-Form 6D (SF-6D)SF-6Dv2, World Health Organization Quality of Life-abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF), and the shortened disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire (QuickDASH) forms were filled during face-to-face interviews. Covariance analysis was used to compare the quality of life scores of three disease groups by controlling the effect of age, gender, and education level.
Results: At least one SF scale was found to be significantly higher in patients with fibromyalgia and osteoarthritis compared to patients with rheumatoid arthritis in terms of Physical and Role function, General health, Vitality, Social function, Emotional role, mean of Mental health subscale score. We also observed that the QuickDASH score was higher in the rheumatoid arthritis group. The score of physical health and social relations was higher in the group of osteoarthritis.

Conclusions:
In terms of quality of life, fibromyalgia and osteoarthritis patients showed similar behavior and rheumatoid arthritis patients had worse quality of life than other two rheumatic disease groups. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of pregabalin and duloxetine treatment according to personality characteristics with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) patients.
Methods: A total of 102 female with FMS who applied to outpatient clinics of the Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation in Duzce University between the dates of October 2013 and December 2014, were grouped according to their personality characteristics. Each personality group was also randomly divided into two groups. One group received 60 mg/day duloxetine and the other group received 300 mg/day pregabalin for 12 weeks. The pain intensity of the patients was evaluated with Visual Analog Scala (VAS), their sleep quality was evaluated with VAS-sleep score, depression was evaluated with Beck Depression Scale (BDS), quality of life was evaluated with Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and functioning was evaluated with Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) before and after treatment.
Results: Thirty of the neurotic group received duloxetine, 31 received pregabalin while 20 of the extroverts received duloxetine and 21 received pregabalin. Significant improvements were obtained in the neurotic-duloxetine and extroverted-pregabalin groups in terms of BDS and general health perceptions dimension of SF-36. Significant improvements were observed in all groups in terms of VAS, VAS-Sleep and sensitive points. The increase after treatment in physical functioning, physical role functioning, vitality, mental health and bodily pain in SF-36 was significant in all groups. The increase in emotional role functioning was significantly higher in only neurotic-duloxetine and neurotic-pregabalin groups. The effects of treatments were not found statistically significant on vitality in all groups. The decrease in FIQ scores was significant in extroverted-duloxetine and extroverted-pregabalin groups.
Conclusions: Treatment should be initiated with pregabalin in patient with extroverted personality characteristics and with duloxetine in patient with neurotic personality characteristics.

KEYWORDS
Fibromyalgia; personality characteristics; pregabalin; duloxetine end of the ECT, global response rate was 85% for BP mania, 75%for BP depression, 95%for MDD. Remission rates were 60% for BP mania, 50% for BP depression, 85% for MDD. There were no significant differences in response and remission rates between the groups. The number of ECT needed for response was 5.0±1.4 for BP mania, 3.4±0.7 for BP depression, 4.5±1.3 for MDD. The number of ECT needed for response was statistically significantly lower in patients with BD depression than the other patients. Response was seen in MDD and BD mania after the third ECT, BD depression after the second ECT. All patients CGI-S, YMRS, MADRS score was significantly decreased after the first ECT. At the end of treatment MADRS and CGI-S scores of MDD patients were significantly lower than BD depression. The number of the ECT needed for remission was 7.6±1.7 for BP mania, 6.6±1.7 for BP depression, 7.1±2.4 for MDD. Remission was seen after the fifth ECT in BD depression and MDD, after the sixth ECT in BD mania. There was no significant difference between the groups in the rate of remission. No statistically significant differences were found between the SMMSE scores of baseline and after the treatment.
Conclusions: Treatment efficacy in all patient groups since the first session of the ECT starts. Our data support that ECT may reduce cognitive impairment due to illness. ECT is an effective treatment for BD mania, BD depression and MDD depression. The ECT is also cheap and safe. Objective: Recently, television-internet-computer; become tools that can be used to manage moving, stubborn, impulsive children who need high intensity stimuli. All of this information reflects the relationship between TV-internet-computer usage times and child's temperament and parental attitudes in 3-7 year-old children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between TV-internet-computer usage times, child's temperament and parental attitudes in 3-7 year-old children based on this information. Methods: 210 children from 3-6 years of age were taken into the survey. Rothbart's Child Behavior List was used to determine the temperament, the Parenting Attitude Research Instrument (PARI) was used to determine the parental attitude and sociodemographic form was filled with patients' mothers.
Results: There is an inverse relation between the increase in activity level, approach, discomfort and the age to start watching TV (p=0.02, p=0.02, p=0.03, p=0.03 respectively). The shyness is directly related with age to start watching TV (p=0.03). The scores of the discomfort temperament subscale have a direct relationship with the duration of TV watching (p=0.025). Background TV is inversely related with attention, inhibitory control, and perceptual sensitivity. Dependency, marital conflict, and strictness and authoritarianism parameters were found to be directly related with playing duration with smart phone (p=0.02, p=0.02, and p=0.001, respectively) Conclusions: Children with difficult temperament is allowed to watch television at earlier ages by their parents. Same bad parental attitudes are seen over the phone play duration.
Despite the large number of publications related to their harm, it is thought that the fact that the parents are in such an attitude may be due to the despair and/ or lack of parental knowledge. Objective: Creativity becomes a more prominent skill in today's world that innovation is highly important in every area. A 50-year follow-up study showed that creative thinking score obtained during elementary school was positively correlated with lifetime achievements. Creativity has been tended to see as an innate ability and sometimes related with several mental disorders such as bipolar disorder and some personality traits such as impulsivity. In this present study, we examined a possible relationship between creativity and impulsive choices using objective tools. Methods: The high school students from 9th and 10th grades (20 girls and 20 boys) completed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) which was based on choosing cards from the decks bring less reward but also less penalty. The creativity was evaluated using two different tests; Torrance Drawing Completion Test for visual creativity and Duncker's candle problem for verbal creativity. The drawings were scored for fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration by blind observes. The candle problem was asked to volunteers using a standard form with an answering time limit of 3 min. The latency for correct answer was recorded. The relationships between the variables were examined by using correlation analyses.

Media
Results: The visual creativity score was positively correlated with card selecting duration at 3rd, 4th and 5th bins (r=0.470, r=0.425, and r=0.387; p<0.05, respectively). The correct answer latency in the candle test was negatively correlated with the total monetary reward at IGT (r=−0.573, p<0.05).
Conclusions: The present results indicated that the individuals with higher visual creativity scores spent more time while selecting the cards during the last three bins of IGT, indicating they made their decisions less impulsively. Moreover the individuals solved the candle problem faster earned more reward in IGT test. These results indicated that trait impulsivity is a negative factor for visual and verbal creativity.   outpatient clinic, were included in the study. All participants were already applied to clinical interview and K-SADS. ADHD symptoms were evaluated by Conners' Teacher and Parent Rating Scale. Symptoms of anxiety were measured using the Conners Parent Rating Scale (CPRS). Symptoms were measured before and after the 8 weeks of methylphenidate treatment.

Metacognition in Vaginismus Patients
Results: There was a significant decrease in hyperactivity, attention deficit, and conduct problem subscales of Conners' Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS) and anxiety subscale score of CPRS after 8 weeks of methylphenidate treatment.
Conclusions: It is noteworthy that although potential anxiogenic side effect of psychostimulant, significant decrease in anxiety scores after methylphenidate treatment without any additional pharmacologic therapy or psychotherapy in our patient group with high rates of comorbid anxiety disorders (67% of all). Although it has not been found statistical significant (p=0.058), decreased psychosomatic subscale of the CPRS after the treatment could be related to decreased severity of anxiety symptoms.

Abstract:0484
Validity and Reliability of the Objective: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish Version of DSM-5 Level 2 Anxiety Scale's child and parent forms. DSM-5 Level 2 Anxiety Scale: Child form for 11-17 years and Parent Form: This scale has a 10-item parent form filled out by parents or legal guardian for 6-17 years of age and a 13-item self report form for adolescents to fill out for themselves. Level 2 Anxiety Scale provides a five point likert type assessment (1=never, 5=almost all the time). The scale was developed to bu used for the first assessment and follow-up of children and adolescents that were diagnosed with anxiety disorder (or that have clinically severe anxiety symptoms). For each item, the subject is asked to rate the severity of symptoms regarding anxiety disorders for the past 7 days, for each item. Higher scores reflect the presence of a much more severe anxiety disorder Methods: The scale was constructed by carrying out the translation and back translation of DSM-5 Level 2 Anxiety Scale. The study group consisted of a community and clinical sample. The scale was applied to 148 parents and 189 adolescents that represented the clinical and  Objective: In this study, we aimed to assess the reliability and validity of DSM-5 Level 2 Irritability Scale-Turkish version. This is a scale that determined the severity of irritability among children and adolescents. The scale has a 7-item parent form filled out by parents or the legal guardian for 6-17 years of age and a 7-item self report form for adolescents to fill out themselves for ages 11-17 years. Methods: DSM-5 Level 2 Irritability Scale was prepared by carrying out the translation and backtranslation of the scale. Study groups consisted of a clinical sample that was diagnosed with bipolar disorder and treated in a child and adolescent psychiatry unit and a community sample between 2015 May and 2016 April. The study was done with 85 children aged between 11-17 years and 84 parents of children aged between 11-17 years. In the assessment process, Young Mania Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale Parent Form were used along with DSM-5 Level 2 Irritability Scale. Results: Regarding reliability analyses, a Cronbach alpha internel consistency coefficient was found 0.875 for child form and 0.886 for parent form. Item-total score correlation coefficients were statistically significant and within medium and high ranges. For construct validity, one factor as maintained in both forms and as found consistent with the original structure of the scale. As for concurrent validity, child and parent forms of the scale were in medium correlation with Young Mania rating scale.
Conclusions: We showed that the Turkish version of DSM-5 Level 2 Irritability Scale could be used as a valid and reliable tool both for clinical practice and research purposes.

DSM-5 Level 2 Irritability
Scale; reliability; validity; factor structure Abstract:0486 The Reliability and Validity of the Turkish version of the Weiss Functional Impairment Scale-Self Report Form