Legal breakthrough of the Indonesian job creation law for ease, protection, and empowerment of MSMEs during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Covid-19 is seen as a black swan event widely affecting almost all sectors and sending a wave of uncertainty for micro, small, and medium enterprises (henceforth MSMEs) in Indonesia. Despite being the most affected, these sectors could stand under this pressure, remain, and regrow faster following this hit. The government, referring to Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation and several delegated regulations, intends to ease, protect, and empower the MSMEs and bring them further as leading sectors to recover the economy in Indonesia. This research aims to evaluate the degree of success of 28 government-driven programs according to Job Creation Law focused on the three aspects: ease, protection, and empowerment. With a backcasting method, it is necessary to work backwards to identify existing regulations and programs run at present time. Through constructive cross-examination, this research reveals that 15 programs worked successfully, 10 programs indicated an average degree of success, and 3 programs were categorized as poor degrees of success. This indicates that in general, the government’s programs aiming to ease, protect, and empower the MSMEs amidst the pandemic can serve as a legal breakthrough for the revival of the MSMEs. However, some programs need improvement to maximise the impact on the MSMEs.


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Requirements and Certification of Telecommunication Tools and Device. Since April 2013, she has served as a Lecturer in The Faculty of Law Brawijaya University with specifications in Private Law, Business Law and IT Law. Airin Liemanto, S.H., LL.M. is a researcher in the Civilization Study Center of Brawijaya University. She earned his bachelor's degree of Sarjana in the Faculty of Law, Brawijaya University. Later, she pursued her Master's in China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China, and is currently taking her Doctoral program in the Faculty of Law, Brawijaya University. Most of her research has been focusing on cultural heritage, human rights law, and technological-related law. She is actively involved in the protection and the conservation of cultural heritage, and she once served as an assisting member of a content team in the Museum of Constitutional History Center, a chairwoman of a content team in Virtual Museum of Brawijaya, a cast in Virtual Museum of Nusantara Gemstones, and a team member of Exhibition and Workshop on Classic Drafts. She also served as an expert team member in several studies on executive regulations in the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology of the Republic of Indonesia. present time. Through constructive cross-examination, this research reveals that 15 programs worked successfully, 10 programs indicated an average degree of success, and 3 programs were categorized as poor degrees of success. This indicates that in general, the government's programs aiming to ease, protect, and empower the MSMEs amidst the pandemic can serve as a legal breakthrough for the revival of the MSMEs. However, some programs need improvement to maximise the impact on the MSMEs.

Introduction
The Covid-19 outbreak hitting in December 2019 not only has caused health crises but it has also shaken global economics, including Indonesia's (Bahtiar & Saragih, 2020;World Health Organization, 2020). The curbs put in place in several countries have triggered distortion in the supply system and market demands, slowing down the economy of all sectors and economic institutions, including the MSMEs (Hasanat et al., 2020).
As referred to in several studies, MSMEs have faced challenges brought by the pandemic, and the enforcement of restrictions in societies (Adam & Alarifi, 2021, p. 22;Omar et al., 2020). Issues like plummeting sales, investment, slowing distribution, the rarity of raw materials, depleting production, and termination of employment that harms labor (Segal & Gerstel, 2020) worsen the performance of MSMEs that give a major contribution to GDP (Handoko, 2020). This worsening trend is indicated in degrading economic performance in Indonesia of the second quarter-2020. The Indonesian economy has been heavily impacted, decreasing to −2.7% (Sembiring, 2020). Meanwhile, in 2019, the Indonesian economic growth reached 5%. This condition surely threatens the national economy, recalling that the MSMEs are the economic generator at the domestic level, and employment has been degrading in terms of its productivity, which triggers significantly decreasing profit (Indonesian Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs, 2021). This condition is worsened by the weakening household consumption as the consumers' expenses are reduced due to decreasing amount of income and uncertainty. As a consequence, MSMEs are struggling to face the crises (Ozili, 2020), and several business activities have come to a halt since the early months of the outbreak (Bartik et al., 2020).
Up till now, MSMEs have made a great business contribution to the national economy (Bahtiar & Saragih, 2020). The total contribution of the MSMEs to national GDP in 2019 accounted for 60% or about IDR. 2,314 trillion. This figure fell to 61.07% in 2018 (Indonesian Ministry of Finance, 2020c). According to the total units, the market segments of MSMEs represented 99.99% (62.9 million units) of the total businesspeople in Indonesia , while major businesses only accounted for 0.01% or around 5,400 units (Indonesian Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs, 2019; Haryanti & Hidayah, 2019). Micro enterprises have employed about 107.2 million workers (89.2%), small enterprises accounting for 5.7 million (4.74%), and medium enterprises accounting for 3.73 million (3.11%); major enterprises used about 3.58 million people. In total, MSMEs have used about 97% of national labor, while major enterprises only used 3% of the total of national labor (Haryanti & Hidayah, 2019).
The Indonesian government has performed a legal breakthrough intended to contribute to MSMEs based on Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation (henceforth Job Creation Law) (Sumampouw et al., 2021). Job Creation law passed in November 2020 was intended to position MSMEs as leading sectors by protecting, easing, and empowering the MSMEs (Gunawan, 2020). This law was designed to resolve issues encountered by the MSMEs, specifically referring to Chapter V of Article 87 to Article 104.
However, since the enactment of Job Creation Law aiming to empower MSMEs through programs that support, protect, and develop businesses, only limited scholars have studied and evaluated the degree of success for each government program in various ministries. Thus, this gap is addressed in this paper.
Looking at the detail lens, this research aims to analyze Job Creation Law and several delegated regulations concerning MSMEs focusing more on ease, protection, and empowerment. Policies and programs were analyzed to find out the degree of success based on the three parameters: good, average, and poor. The programs indicated as good could serve as a legal breakthrough to revive the MSMEs amidst the pandemic, while the program in the average and poor categories is subject to improvement.
The novelty and contribution of this research consists in addressing solutions to non-optimum programs to allow the ease, protection, and empowerment of the MSMEs to be maximally implemented. Those recommendations are expected to improve the performance of MSMEs in the post-Covid-19.

General review of MSMEs in Indonesia
The definition and criteria of the MSMEs outlined in Government Regulation Number 7 of 2021 concerning Ease, Protection, and Cooperative Empowerment and Small, Micro, and Medium Enterprises (hereinafter referred to as GR 7/2021) are presented in Table 1.

Ease, protection, and empowerment of MSMEs
Serving as one of the pillars that back up people's economy, MSMEs are able to grow job vacancies and play a role in equally distributing and improving people's income, stimulating economic growth, and bringing about national stability. Consequently, political-economic support should be more pro-MSMEs through ease, protection, and empowerment (Explanation GR 7/2021).
Government Regulation Number 7 of 2021 concerning Ease, Protection, and Empowerment of Cooperatives and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises issued as a follow-up of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation does not specifically define the aforementioned ease, protection, and empowerment.

Ease
The concept of easy business is not new, but it is pre-existing in the World Bank Annual Report in a measured index involving the time a business starts, the time a business is diverted from its plan, or when a business faces issues (Amelita & Suhaimi, 2021). In GR 7/2021, the ease of MSMEs is manifested into several policies, involving the capital intended to establish more flexible MSMEs, business permit processing, incentives, bookkeeping facilities, and problem-solving.

Protection
Protection takes an essential position in an economic aspect. The protection given by the government to MSMEs is often intended for prevention and protection from possible risks (Gherghina et al., 2020). The protection concept is, according to economists and politicians, inextricable from the role of interest groups in determining the level or the structure of the protection by taking into account ideas, ideology, and governmental organizations (Lederman, 2005).
Each person serving as a president in Indonesia has his/her characteristics and views of the concept of economic protection. The approach set by President Joko Widodo to economy and trade tends to be populist-protectionist, and this tendency is marked by the existence of laws that are protectionist. Along with a more global economy, the government performs major reform to maximally get involved in international trade but provides protection by giving incentives and enhances flexibility in the job market (Patunru, 2018). Moreover, the protection given to MSMEs involves help service, legal assistance, and business recovery.

Empowerment
The concept of the empowerment of MSMEs is defined in Law Number 20/2008 concerning MSMEs regarding the measures taken by the Government, local governments, businesses, and the members of the public in the form of business climate growth and the development of MSMEs to allow further growth into excellent and independent enterprises. This business climate involves the condition that the government and local governments consider to empower MSMEs within the scopes of the implementation of several policies in economic aspects to enable MSMEs to gain their portion, certainty, opportunities, protection, and limitless business support. The empowerment of MSMEs requires mentoring and backup that aim to improve the capacity of and competitiveness among MSMEs. Empowerment is performed as the unity and development of the national economy to bring welfare to people. (c) Improving the role of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in regional development, job creation, income equal distribution, economic growth, and poverty eradication.

MSMEs after the enactment of job creation law
Several points of ease, protection, and empowerment of MSMEs are set forth in the Article 87 to Article 104 of Job Creation law: 1) extension of net assets as the criterion, emphasizing that a number of enterprise units can be categorized as the MSMEs; 2) eased access to permit application either online or offline; 3) An integrated pattern of partnership with bigger businesses and supply chains pattern allowing MSMEs to be involved in supply chains or logistics of major businesses; 4) single database management of the MSMEs performed by the Government as a consideration in policy making to provide access for people; 5) the organization of the MSMEs into one cluster according to general product chains, dependence upon the relevant skills of the labor, or utilization of similar, integrated, and completing technology; 6) accessibility to tax administration in terms of the enquiry of funding from the central Government, customs incentive for export-oriented businesses, and income tax incentive; 7) simplification of registration process and lending in intellectual property rights, accessibility to importing raw materials and supplementary industrial materials in case of failure of supplying the goods domestically; 8) funds specifically allocated for the empowerment and development of the MSMEs by the central Government; 9) the provision of aid services and legal aid for micro and small enterprises; 10) the allocation of at least 40% of products/services of the small and medium enterprises and cooperatives derived from the domestic production results for the procurement of the government's goods/services; 11) accessibility to coaching and legal aid in system/application utilization in bookkeeping/financial record; 12) accessibility to promotion and businesses established at highway rest areas and public infrastructure; 13) accessibility to establishment of companies for micro and small enterprises for only one person; 14) accessibility to the fulfilment of Halal certification; and 15) exemption of small and medium enterprises from the provision of minimum wages. Wages in small and medium enterprises are set according to the agreement between a business person and employees/labor at least equal to the percentage of average consumption in society.

Methodology
This research employed backcasting that constitutes planning to define the future as expected, and it works backward to identify policies and programs that are connected to the future as set at present time (Brandes et al., 2005). The planning refers to that conducted by the government constituting responses to policies and programs intended to aid the MSMEs. This planning is also expected to set free the national economy from social and economic crises through complex, systematic, and wellorganized resolutions in compliance with Job Creation Law. These measures are taken to analyse the three following policies: 1) ease; 2) protection; and 3) empowerment of MSMEs.
The main value of the backcasting method is that it analyses participative planning characteristics through the above three policies, and, thus, setting the following strategies: (i) technical flexibility that deals with the current economic performance; (ii) speedy recovery measure that takes into account sustainable principles in the time to come. This method involved several analyses of state's policies in the economy by positioning MSMEs as the primary stimulating sector, progressive scenario by defining essential features of ease, protection, and the empowerment of MSMEs without overlooking the considerations of how to achieve them, which stakeholders are involved, and impeding factors and opportunities of the process. The final analysis deals with actions required to tackle those impeding factors to stimulate better achievement in the future.
This research employed both primary and secondary data, where the former took the analysis of Law Number 20 of 2008 concerning Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises and Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, and the Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 2021 concerning Ease, Protection, and Empowerment of Cooperatives and MSMEs. This regulation consists of 11 articles concerning Ease (Article 37-47) GR 7/2021), 7 articles concerning Protection (Article 48-5 GR/7/2021), and 57 articles concerning Empowerment (Article 57-119). The secondary data involved the analyses of varied databases on government reports, scientific papers (including those of SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar), and other news sources from government websites, NGOs, reputable online news with the keywords "MSMEs", "ease", "protection", and "empowerment" in dealing with economic crises due to Covid-19.
The primary data analysis is given in Table 3. The Degree of Success in Ease, Protection, and Empowerment of the MSMEs according to GR 7/2021. Furthermore, the degree of success: good, average, and poor was analyzed by employing constructive cross-examination. First, the secondary data was obtained by performing tabulation to select the highest validity. The data involved government official data, credible NGO reports, news from national newspapers, and nationally and internationally recognized scientific articles written by experts. Cross-examination was conducted on the secondary data of each reinforcing source. This step aimed to present the assessment results with highly reliable and comprehensive validity. For inconsistent data, authors will find out more by listing down questions to perform verification and validation to search for answers through both the primary and secondary data.
This research is expected to provide information/recommendations regarding which policies are applicable and most effective, parallel to possibility, properness, and recognition of settling economic crises through ease, protection, and empowerment of MSMEs implemented in 28 programs.

The significant role of MSMEs in Indonesian economic development during the Covid-19 pandemic
MSMEs play a vital role in the recovery of the economy of a state during Covid-19 in both developed and developing countries (Rotar et al., 2019;Saad et al., 2021;Zutshi, Mendy, Sharma,  In Indonesia, the MSMEs not only serve as the backbone in keeping the businesses running but also play an essential role in providing job opportunities in the nation and are the key to inclusive development design by connecting major and small businesses to introduce economic equity to all layers of society (Indonesian Ministry of Finance, 2021; Indonesian Ministry of National Development Planning/National Development Planning Agency, 2019). (2019) reported that there were 65,471,134 MSMEs in Indonesia (about 99% of the total business units). This figure has absorbed 96.92% (119,562,843 people) of the total employees. The MSMEs also contribute 60.51% of the total national GDP, reaching IDR 9,580,762.7 billion. MSMEs have also contributed 15.65% of total exports and as much as 60.03% of total investment. Throughout the years, MSMEs are expected to contribute to and play a major role in the national economy. Thus, it is essential to organize regulations for more competitive MSMEs at both local and international levels.

The latest data from the Indonesian Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs
Covid-19 came to existence along with its black swan event, widely affecting society and its cessation seems impossible (Mishra, 2020;Yarovaya et al., 2020). Major restrictions imposed on 17 April 2020 in Indonesia, followed by curbs on social activities taking place from level 1-4 extended to August 2021, have paralyzed businesses. The Minister of Cooperatives and SMEs, Teten Masduki, reported that at least 16,313 MSMEs were affected by Covid-19 (Suryanto, 2020). The following are several details elaborating to what extent the pandemic has affected businesses: (1) The revenues of MSMEs have nearly halved since the onset of the crisis, 79% of MSMEs were reported to have decreased in the volume of sales by a median of 50% (Pelupessy et al., 2020).
(2) A significant deterioration of sales has been causing a drastic change in household economics, where 92% of MSMEs households experienced a decrease in the volume of sales that reduced their monthly income by a median of 60%.
(3) Two out of the business units chose to stop operating (ILO, 2020).
(4) Supply chains are disrupted, resulting in an increase in prices. The Data shows 44% of enterprises located in urban centers reported that they are not getting the stocks and 44% of MSMEs in urban experiences increase in the price of supply by mean of 15% (Pelupessy et al., 2020).
(5) The pandemic has not necessarily resulted in an increase in digital payments, where 27% of enterprises reported a mean decrease in cash transactions by 14%.

Figure 1. Impacts of Covid-19 on the growth of the real GDP in Indonesia 2018-2021.
Source: Central Bureau of Statistics of Indonesia, 2020, 2021 (7) The unemployment rate is projected to be at 5% by 2022 (Ssenyonga & Shafiullah, 2021).
(8) Efforts taken to maintain the businesses are facing issues, and majorly, the business units have ceased operating and are not ready yet to reopen. This condition implies that the businesses desperately need guidelines amidst this pandemic, and bailouts from the government are needed by the businesses to remain amidst this pandemic (ILO, 2020;Juwita et al., 2020).
Varied responses have come from those involved in the running of the MSMEs. International Labour Organization (ILO) researched to investigate the extent of the impacts the pandemic has posed on the sustainability of the MSMEs. This research involved interviews with 581 respondents, questioning whether their businesses were still operating during the pandemic. The data concerning business sustainability amidst the Pandemic can be seen in Table 2.
The table indicates that there are 68.51% of MSMEs that have faced business disruption due to Covid-19, where 65.93% have decided to temporarily cease operating and 2.58% are permanently shut down. These figures indicate that the MSMEs remain dynamic and withstand the disruption, as they are seen to have remained during this pressing time and they could revive following the pressure. The MSMEs business actors have made several independent efforts to adapt to this pandemic situation by (1) optimizing staff and adjusting their benefits; (2) varying their existing products/services; (3) extending the grace period for payments; (4) selling products with an extended shelf life; (5) implementing rapid promotions on digital platforms; (6) starting to offer home-delivery service; and (7) borrowing or selling assets to survive (Pelupessy et al., 2020). Furthermore, the MSMEs play a strategic role in the domestic economy, as reflected in a number of business units, high employment of labor, and great contribution to GDP. Although the GDP in Indonesia markedly fell in 2020, the large size of the economy and the relatively low dependency on external trade in goods and services manage to accelerate the economic recovery (Ssenyonga & Shafiullah, 2021). This is obvious in the Indonesian GDP growth in the second quarter of 2021, accounting for 7.07% (see Fig. 1).
With the strategic plan, the MSMEs play an essential role in supporting the integrated government policies to ensure macroeconomic stability and financial sectors in Indonesia, and to underpin the economic transformation into Excellent Indonesia. Several measures to reinforce the MSMEs have been regularly taken end-to-end. When the pandemic ends, the MSMEs need to be strengthened by structuring the policies and optimizing innovations (Bank of Indonesia, 2020).

Job Creation Law and its delegated regulations in MSMEs as a legal breakthrough
The concept of simplifying regulations through the omnibus law is carried out by changing the substance, revoking several regulations, and rearranging them into comprehensive and simple regulations (Asshiddiqie, 2019).
MSMEs are one of the main sectors that are prioritized and directly related to the aim of the establishment of the Job Creation Law (Purnamasari, 2020 Number 4866). Thus, the formation of the Job Creation Law can create integrated regulations into one law. This condition is intended to avert any overlapping regulations that can potentially lead to convoluted bureaucracy, the amount of costs that must be incurred, and the length of time required to meet investment requirements (Rongiyati, 2019).
The philosophical foundation in realizing the convenience and protection of the MSMEs can be seen on the considering part of letter c and e of the Job Creation Law stating: Considering part of letter c: that to support job creation, it is necessary to adjust various regulatory aspects relating to the convenience and protection of micro, small and medium enterprises, enhancing the investment ecosystem, and accelerating national strategic projects, including improving the protection and health of workers; Considering part of letter e: that the efforts to change regulations relating to the convenience and protection of micro, small and medium enterprises, enhancing the investment ecosystem, and accelerating national strategic projects, including improving the protection and health of workers, are carried out through amendments to sectoral laws which are partially ineffective and inefficient to guarantee acceleration of work copyright, so that a legal breakthrough is needed through the formation of laws using the omnibus law method which can comprehensively resolve various problems in several laws into one law; The above philosophical aspect shows that the government is committed to creating jobs and providing convenience and protection to the MSMEs, through a new direction of policy set out in the Job Creation Law that is carried out through regulations related to the ease, protection, and empowerment of the MSMEs (Indonesian Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs, 2020). The Job creation Law is further set forth in GR 7/2021 constituting the following policies: (1) accessibility to permit issuance; (2) protection covering all aspects of aid services, legal aid, and recovery of the MSMEs; and (3) the empowerment constituting single database of the MSMEs, the availability of venues for the promotion and the development of the MSMEs in public infrastructure, integrated management, facilities supporting intellectual property rights, guarantee of loan program, goods and service procurement of the government, record keeping and bookkeeping of the system of financial report application, partnership, and digitalization.
Each policy outlined in GR 7/2021 is further elaborated in several programs made relevant to the situations amidst the Covid-19 in Indonesia. This research involved mapping and investigation of 28 government programs obtained from ministry websites, related organizations and departments. Each program was assessed with regard to the three following categories: good, average, and poor. This assessment was based on the monitoring and evaluation of each government program. Monitoring components constituted the development of realization of budget allocation, the achievement of output, and barriers faced and the sustainability of the programs. On the other hand, the evaluation components were measured with regard to efficiency, effectiveness, the significance of the programs, and their sustainability for national development. Policy category and its provisions, policy program, and degree of success are presented in Table 3.
According to the assessment of the 28 policy programs run by the Indonesian government, only 10 programs are in average category and 3 programs are in poor category, while 15 programs are deemed successful with regard to ease, protection, and empowerment of the MSMEs. This research aims to see the practices run in each program and to provide the details of the assessment according to monitoring and evaluation performed in each program to guarantee ease, protection, and empowerment in MSMEs.
(1) Ease The government set the permit issuance policy as set forth in two programs: risk-based OSS system program and waiver program of permit issuance, both of which are governed in Government Regulation Number 6 of 2021 concerning Business Permit Issuance Process at Regional Area (Public Communication and Information Agency of Pekalongan city, 2021). The Head of Capital Investment Coordination Board, Bahlil Lahadalia, reported that the success rate of risk-based OSS accounts for 83%, and the 17% is still in an adjustment process (Indonesian Ministry of Investment, 2021). This success is realized through the establishment of Integrated Licensing Service Board in every regional area, facilitating information dissemination to MSMEs. However, the program aiming to facilitate the ease/waiver of permit issuance applies to the ownership of intellectual property rights in the form of registration fee waiver.
(1) Protection The protection of MSMEs is given under two policies: (1) Tax incentive and customs The business people in MSMEs receive tax incentive of the final tariff 0.5% according to Government Regulation Number 23 of 2018 (Income Tax) covered by the Government. Thus, taxpayers running the MSMEs no longer need to pay the tax. All parties having transactions with MSMEs are not required to include tax in their payment to MSMEs. Those running the MSMEs expecting to use the incentive do not need to submit a statement letter of Government Regulation 23, they need to simply submit monthly reports (Enggarnadi, 2021).
(1) Restructuring or credit relaxation Restructuring or loan relaxation given for 6 months with additional subsidy of credit interest rate as much as 6% for bankable MSMEs is included in PEN Program. This program is deemed successful with the amount of fund of Rp 470 trillion (Ramalan, 2021) for (i) credit interest rate reduction; (ii) extension of credit period; (iii) reduction of main arrears and credit interest; (iv) addition of credit facilities; and/or (v) credit conversion through temporary capital investment.
The credit restructuring represents one of the preferred programs to assist MSMEs hit by the pandemic, and it is governed by the Regulation of Financial Services Authority (OJK) Number 11/ POJK.03/2020 concerning National Economic Stimuli as Countercyclical Policy of the Impacts of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Spread (Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 11/POJK.03/ 2020). Based on the data of OJK dated 26 April 2020, there were 561,950 debtors whose credit was restructured for as much as Rp. 113,800,000,000,000. On the other hand, there were 253,185 debtors whose credit was successfully restructured by non-bank finance companies, with the total fund accounting for Rp. 13,200,000,000,000 (Financial Services AuthorityOtoritas Jasa Keuangan, 2020). This figure shows that credit restructuring manages to stimulate the debtors during the pandemic and maintain the national economic stability.
(1) Direct Cash Aid Direct case aid (locally known as BLT0) is given based on the Regulation of Minister of Cooperative Number 2 of 2021 and Implementation Manual of BPUM Number 3 of 2021. This program runs as expected through productive aid for micro businesses (BLUM) managed by the ministry of MSMEs in collaboration with the banks providing Rp. 2.4 million for each business which does not receive any work capital and banking investment (unbankable) (Purwanto, 2020).
(1) Empowerment There are nine programs involved in this policy: (a) MSMEs single database This policy is run through the following three programs: 1) categorizing MSMEs according to business types and locations; 2) the integration of a single database by the central government and local governments; and 3) link and match policy of MSMEs with BUMN and other private companies. This program was established as a measure to synchronize information system relating to OSS RBA program. The intention of this program is to relax the coordination between central government and local governments in policy making in lending legality, the provision of raw materials, production process, curation, and product marketing online and offline, and incentive provision. A single database can also facilitate link and match for MSMEs, State-Owned Enterprises, and private companies. In line with the program of OSS that has been running appropriately, this program can be considered as running well although it is underway preparing integrated infrastructure properly (Sekretariat Jenderal Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik IndonesiaSecretariat General of House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia, 2021).

(a) Providing venues for promotion and development of MSMEs in Public Infrastructure
This program allocates 30% of the total land of commercial area in terminals, airports, docks, train stations, rest areas, and Tollway services, and other public infrastructure provided to facilitate the development of MSMEs. This policy is deemed to run as expected and receives support from stakeholders (Soenarso, 2021).

(a) Establishment of MSME Support Centres
This section is intended to provide assistance to provide optimal services in the development of businesses in regional areas. This program runs as expected in line with the development of MSMEs Support Centers in regional areas in Indonesia, giving varied services such as business consultation, mentorship, and coaching for MSMEs, and many more (Dinas Koperasi dan UKM Kabupaten SlemanCooperative and Small and Micro Enterprise Agency in the Regency of Sleman, 2019).

(a) Intellectual Property Rights Facilities
These facilities are embodied in the following three programs: training incentive and reinforcement of Property Rights center, the registration of IPRs online, information dissemination, and workshop regarding the mentorship IPRs. This program is directed by the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy responsible for registration mentorship, literacy, and workshop of intellectual property and the mentorship regarding complaints over violations of intellectual property. The reinforcement of this program is supported by the provision of funding to help with business capital with intellectual property put as security. This program is seen to have been running as expected through the movement #BeliKreatifLokal involving three million MSMEs out of 12 million MSMEs all over Indonesia in collaboration with the Ministry of Coordinator in Maritime and Investment (Nurhakim, 2021).

(a) Credit Security Program
This policy is embodied in four programs involving investment scheme (KIK) programs such as Credit for Permanent Working Capital (KKP), financial aid for micro business people (BPUM), lending for people (KUR), Ultra Micro Lending (Umi). These programs are facilitated by Indonesian Credit Guarantee Public Company (Jamkrindo). The company has provided Rp. 15.14 trillion for 978.487 debtors of MSMEs to April 2021. The success rate for this program has run well, but the guarantee is still centralized in Java Island, accounting for 58% or about Rp. 8.85 trillion. In Sumatera, Rp. 3.02 trillion is provided, Sulawesi Rp. 1.17 trillion, Kalimantan Rp. 1.07 trillion, Bali and Nusa Tenggara Rp 629 billion, and Maluku and Papua Rp 386 billion; all these amounts are provided for feasible MSMEs in terms of business, but not yet bankable or not meeting the requirement to get loans from banks involving credit collateral (CNN Indonesia, 2021).

(a) Goods and services procurement by MSMEs
This policy is given through three programs: Bangga MSMEs, 40% allocation program for goods and services for cooperative and UMKM, information dissemination, and literacy for MSMEs regarding policy, procedures, and government goods and services procurement procedures. All these three programs are governed by Government Regulation Number 12 of 2021 concerning an Amendment to Presidential Regulation Number 16 of 2018 concerning Government Goods/Services Procurement. As intended in the regulation, MSMEs have a greater chance to join the government procurement since there is a change in the restriction of package of goods and services procurement from Rp 2.5 billion to Rp 15 billion. Ministry/ Institutions and local governments are also required to allocate at least 40% for procurement of micro and small enterprises (UMK) and cooperatives and to use products and services of local UMK and cooperatives. This program runs quite well, starting from procurement planning has to be registered in government electronic catalogue managed transparently, supervision, and realization of the implementation by minister and Local Governments. The governments also provide rooms for grievances (whistleblowing system) to support supervision (Catriana, 2021).

(a) Record Keeping and Bookkeeping of financial Report System
This policy is realized through coaching and mentorship of application system of bookkeeping and financial reporting, as governed in Article 88 of Government Regulation Number 7/2021 that requires both Central Government and Local Governments to facilitate the application system of bookkeeping/financial reporting free of charge. This program has been running well through the collaboration with universities and associations.

(a) Partnership of MSMEs
The partnership of MSMEs is implemented through two programs: partnership with State-Owned Enterprises and big businesses. The partnership is intended to encourage the MSMEs to get involved in a global production chain and to make business quality of MSMEs more competitive. This partnership policy is presented in the following forms: a. inti-plasma; b. subcontract; c. non-profit scheme; d. general commerce; e. distribution and agencies; f. supply chains; and g. other forms of partnership by implementing profit share, operational cooperation, joint venture, and outsourcing. The partnership between MSMEs and State-Owned Enterprises has been quite good, where 130 transactions had taken place between State-Owned Enterprises and 9,600 MSMEs, with transactional value reaching Rp. 10.3 trillion up until August 2021 (Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises of The Republic of Indonesia, 2021). Furthermore, in January 2021, a cooperation contract was signed regarding partnership in foreign investment and local capital investment with MSMEs. There were at least 56 big companies signing the partnership commitment in partnership with 196 local MSMEs, with the contract value accounting for Rp. 1.5 trillion. This initial step taken is deemed very good.

(a) Digitalization
This digitalization policy is embodied in three programs: digital market (PaDi), Bela Pengadaan Digital Platform, and Small and Medium Enterprises Website. According to Indonesia E-commerce Association (idEA), the business people of MSMEs joining digital ecosystem had reached 13.7 million people, or about 21% of the total business people to May 2021. However, there are still some issues of internet access and digital preparedness index of MSMEs, and some are not yet ready to shift to the digital era. This hampering situation has been responded by the establishment of a digital platform. Thus, the government target to digitalize 30 million MSME in 2024 is expected to be achieved.
The initial intention of job creation law making was to provide ease, protection, and empowerment of MSMEs to improve investment climate and attract more investors, but it shifted to legal breakthrough as regarded by the government to revive the MSMEs as the generator of the economy of those seriously hit by Covid 19. Of 28 policy programs mentioned, most programs have run as expected, but with social distancing and lockdown that have been in place since the outbreak, technology-based programs such as digital marketing Bela Pengadaan Digital Platform, Small and Medium Enterprises Webpages become the programs of excellence encouraged by the government. On the other hand, programs such as risk-based OSS system and Integrated Business Service Center, which were initially intended to ease business development, turn out that they show massive and immediate progress since they "push" business people to utilize these programs to keep their businesses running. Credit restructuring and direct cash aid, however, have become the program of preference since this policy has served as direct financial support to allow the MSMEs to get back on track.

Conclusion
MSMEs play a strategic role in the recovery of the economy in Indonesia amidst Covid-19. Although the MSMEs are heavily affected by the pandemic, they remain and survive under pressure and can regrow faster in such a situation. With Job Creation Law and several delegated regulations, the Government keeps taking measures intended to ease, protect, and empower the MSMEs to put them as leading sectors for the country's economic recovery. There have been at least 28 programs for the MSMEs, where the 15 programs are in the category of "good", 10 programs belong to "average" category, and 3 other programs are in the category of "poor" still serving as a legal breakthrough to build the MSMEs. The digital market, Bela Pengadaan Digital Platform, Small and Medium Enterprise web pages are regarded as excellent program amidst physical and social distancing at a large scale, and digitalization has been the preferred solution among MSMEs to guarantee the sustainability of their businesses. However, Risk-based OSS system and Integrated Business Service Center, which were intended to ease the businesses as in Job Creation law, have turned out to show massive progress in achievement since the MSMEs are pushed to utilize technology-based permit issuance. In the program of credit restructuring, partnership and direct cash aid are deemed to provide appropriate solutions as direct financial support.