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ABSTRACT
Background: The increasing rural-to-urban migrant population in China may be linked to the susceptibility to tobacco use. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of smoking among rural-to-urban migrants in China. Methods: Major English and Chinese databases were searched for original studies on smoking prevalence among rural-to-urban migrants in China. A validated quality assessment tool was used to evaluate these studies. Subsequently, data were extracted to calculate the overall pooled estimate of prevalence using random effect model, and then stratified by gender, definition, location, and occupation. Meta-regression analysis was used to identify the source of heterogeneity among variables. Results: We identified 17 eligible studies involving 32,694 migrants. The overall pooled prevalence estimate of smoking among rural-to-urban migrants was 27.25% (95% CI: 23.34, 31.34), with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 98.2, p < .01). In stratified analysis, specific pooled prevalence estimates were 46.71% for male (95% CI: 40.51, 52.97) and 5.34% for female (95% CI: 2.90, 8.45); 26.71% (95% CI: 17.00, 37.71), and 24.96% (95% CI: 18.65, 31.86) in current and daily smoking group, respectively; 21.89% (95% CI: 15.80, 28.66) and 30.59% (95% CI: 20.04, 42.28) for migrants in North and South China, respectively; 48.34% (95% CI: 24.63, 72.46) in construction industry, 31.77% (95% CI: 15.54, 50.67) in manufacturing industry and 18.69% (95% CI: 11.37, 27.32) in service industry, respectively. Meta-regression analysis revealed that gender and occupation differences contributed to high heterogeneity. Conclusion: Cigarette smoking is still prevalent among rural-to-urban migrants, which may be influenced by gender and occupations. Policies should be designed and conducted to control smoking prevalence among these populations.
Declaration of interest
The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the article.
Funding
This study was supported by fund from Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning (NO 12GWZX1001).
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Yao Liu
Yao Liu, MM, is attending physician of the department of General Practice at Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital. Dr Liu has done a lot of work on tobacco use among migrants. Her research interests include substance use and health risk reduction among adult population.
Jian Gao
Jian Gao, PhD, is associate professor of Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine of Fudan University. His current research interests include clinical study design and statistics. Dr. Gao has done a lot of work on systematic review and meta-analysis.
Juan Shou
Juan Shou, MM, is associate professor of General Practice Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. She received her MM from Shanghai medical institute, Fudan University. Her current research interests include behavioral epidemiology and psychological health among migrants and elderly.
Huiling Xia
Huiling Xia, MM, has worked at the department of General Practice of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University for more than nine years. She has rich experiences in clinical and research area include substance use and population health management. Now she stills devote her energy to tobacco control work to improve the national health.
Yao Shen
Yao Shen, MD, is associate professor of the department of respiratory medicine, Shanghai PuDong hospital. She received her M.D. from Shanghai Medical College Fudan University. She has a profound understanding in the impact of tobacco use on respiratory system.
Shanzhu Zhu
Shanzhu Zhu is the Director of General Practice Faculty of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, professor of General Practice Department of Zhongshan Hospital. Dr Zhu has multi-year research experience on community-based and population-related researches such as early screening, follow-ups and intervention of non-infectious diseases. She also has extensive research experience on risk behavior reduction, including substance use among adult population.
