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Research Papers

The meaning of spasticity to people with multiple sclerosis: What can health professionals learn?

, , &
Pages 1284-1292
Received 11 Jul 2011
Accepted 30 Aug 2012
Published online: 04 Feb 2013

Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common disabling neurological condition affecting young adults. One third of people on an American registry of people with MS (PWMS) reported having activities affected by spasticity. The psychosocial effects of spasticity in people with MS have been shown to be distressing and detrimental to emotional and social relationships when investigated from a psychology perspective. This paper investigates the impact of spasticity on the lives of people living with MS from a physiotherapeutic perspective. Method: This study involved 12 semi-structured interviews with individuals experiencing MS-related spasticity. Ten sets of data were analyzed following framework analysis principles. Results: Results suggest spasticity effects life experience of these PWMS in diverse and complex ways. Physical, psychological and social consequences of spasticity are closely linked and can be far reaching. Conclusions: Therapists need to be aware of links between specific physical symptoms and their psychosocial consequences if they want to improve peoples’ quality of life. This paper provides in depth qualitative research evidence for the complexity of the spasticity experience for each individual, strengthening the argument for a patient-centred approach to treatment. These results also support the case for targeted interventions with effectiveness recorded in a patient-centred way.

Implications for Rehabilitation

  • Spasticity is suggested here to affect the lives of individuals with multiple sclerosis in diverse and far reaching ways. Therapists need to investigate this fully in subjective assessment to impact on people's quality of life.

  • Direct links were identified between treatable physical symptoms and far reaching consequences of spasticity.

  • Knowledge about the complexity of the spasticity experience for each individual will allow therapists to target interventions appropriately and accurately record effectiveness in a patient-centred way.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the multiple sclerosis therapy centres, Multiple sclerosis society UK and Sheffield Hallam University for their practical and financial support during the project.

Declaration of Interest: This project was undertaken as part of a programme of research joint funded by The MS Society UK and the Faculty of health and wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University.

Appendix 1

M.S. and Spasticity Interview Guide.

Introduction

Explain:

Purpose of the interview

Confidentiality

Right to withdraw

Check consent to be involved and have interview recorded

Warm up

How long is it since your diagnosis and how were you diagnosed?

What were your first symptoms?

What have been your main symptoms?

What is your understanding of spasticity?

What does the term spasticity mean to you? How would you describe your spasticity?

When did you first notice spasticity symptoms and what did you first notice?

Do you take any medication for your spasticity?

Main interview

Experience of living with spasticity?

How frequently do you experience your spasticity symptoms?

How do you feel your spasticity affects you and how you live your life?

Has spasticity changed your life in any way that is important to you, and how do you feel your life has been altered?

Describe the way spasticity affects your average day.

How did it affect you yesterday?

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