Lumbar microdiscectomy, which relies on the operating microscope for visualization, was first described in the late 1970s. This operation is considered the gold standard procedure for patients who require surgery for symptomatic lumbar disc herniation causing radiculopathy that has not improved with conservative measures. A new approach to the management of symptomatic lumbar disc herniation, microendoscopic discectomy, was introduced in 1997. This operation utilizes a tubular retractor system and a microendoscope for visualization rather than the operating microscope. As it is a new procedure, long‐term outcomes have not yet been established for this operation. However, recent literature suggests that microendoscopic discectomy may be as effective as the traditional lumbar microdiscectomy in relieving radiculopathy. This article describes the operative techniques and outcomes reported in the literature for both lumbar microdiscectomy and microendoscopic discectomy.