1 See Maier, Meyer, and Steinberiethner (2016) for an overview of the use of similar and overlapping, but sometimes distinct, terms related to the nonprofit sector becoming more “business-like” in the relevant scholarship.

2 The nomenclature of a “counter-discourse” is drawn specifically from Eikenberry (2009a Eikenberry, A. M. (2009a). Refusing the market: A democratic discourse for voluntary and nonprofit organizations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 38(4), 582–596. doi:10.1177/0899764009333686[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]).

3 It should be noted that DeLysa Burnier’s work is not unique, as there is a strong tradition in public administration advocating care and compassion as guiding values for governance and management (e.g., Follett, 1965/1918 Follett, M. P. (1965 [1918]). Power. In H. C. Metcalf & L. Urwick (Eds.), Dynamic administration: The collected papers of Mary Parker Follett (pp. 95–116). New York, NY: Harper & Brothers. [Google Scholar]; Hummel & Stivers, 1998 Hummel, R. P., & Stivers, C. (1998). Government isn’t us: The possibility of democratic knowledge in representative government. In C.S. King, C. Stivers, & Collaborators (Eds.), Government isn’t us: Public administration in an anti-government era (pp. 28–68). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. [Google Scholar]; Jun, 1999 Jun, J. (1999). The need for autonomy and virtues: Civic-minded administrators in a civil society. Administrative Theory and Praxis, 21(2), 218–226. doi:10.1080/10841806.1999.11643366[Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]; Scranton & Ranney, 2012 Scranton, A. M., & Ranney, M. J. (2012). Gender differences in administrative ethics. In T. Cooper (Ed.), Handbook of administrative ethics (2nd ed., pp. 555–580). New York, NY: CRC Press. [Google Scholar]; Stout, 2010 Stout, M. (2010). Back to the future: Toward. a Political Economy of Love and Abundance. Administration and Society, 42(1), 3–37. doi:10.1177/0095399710363681[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]).

4 While care ethics theorists have argued generally that care ethics and communitarians have “serious disagreements” (Held, 2006 Held, V. (2006). The ethics of care: Personal, political, and global. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar], p. 100), there is some alignment with feminist communitarian viewpoints. Indeed, Christians (2002 Christians, C. G. (2002). Norman Denzin’s feminist communitarian ethics. Studies in Symbolic Interaction, 25, 167–177.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) has argued that feminist communitarians have ensured that “communitarian political theory is saved from itself” and its more neoconservative leanings by orienting the philosophy toward “critique, multivocal representation of the marginalized, and social transformation” (p. 170).

5 When individuals “become far removed from the person actually experiencing the struggle,” they can demonstrate a kind of misguided empathy, or “empathy gone bad” (Bowdon, Pigg, & Mansfield, 2014 Bowdon, M., Pigg, S., & Mansfield, L. P. (2014). Feminine and feminist ethics and service-learning site selection: The role of empathy. Feminist Teacher, 24(1), 57–82.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar], p. 58; see also Zembylas, 2012 Zembylas, M. (2012). Pedagogies of strategic empathy: Navigating through the emotional complexities of anti-racism in higher education. Teaching in Higher Education, 17(2), 113–125. doi:10.1080/13562517.2011.611869[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Without giving careful attention to the essentialization of others’ experiences, instructors can damage the connections they seek to build (Bowdon & Scott, 2003 Bowdon, M. A., & Scott, J. B. (2003). Service-learning in technical and professional communication. New York, NY: Addison Wesley Longman. [Google Scholar]). Zembylas’ (2012) notion of “strategic empathy,” or use of empathy in strategic ways in the classroom, is an effective tool for countering this effect.