The Emerging Red-Green Alliance: Where Political Islam Meets the Radical Left

M. Omidvar, Brief History of the Tudeh Party of Iran, 1993, http://www.tudehpartyiran.org/history.htm.

“Pro-Syrian Militiamen Blamed: Massacre Ends Fundamentalist Surge in Tripoli,” Washington Post, February 8, 1987, http://articles.latimes.com/1987-02-08/news/mn-1241_1_tripoli.

“Ahmadinejad Cements Ties with Chavez, Other Leaders,” Associated Press, September 28, 2007, http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,298402,00.html.

Ibid.

R. Carroll, “Iran's Elite Force Expanding Influence in Venezuela, Claims Pentagon,” The Guardian, April 27, 2010, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/apr/27/iran-venezuela-pentagon-report.

“U.S. Says Iran Increasing Activity in Latin America,” Reuters, March 17, 2009, http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/03/17/us-usa-iran-latam-idUSTRE52G5VK20090317.

J. Watts, “North Korea Threatens Nuclear Holy War with South,” The Guardian, December 23, 2010, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/dec/23/north-korea-holy-war-warning.

L. Vidino, “Italy's Left-Wing Terrorists Flirt with Radical Islamists,” The Jamestown Foundation Terrorism Monitor 5, no. 17 (2007), http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=4398.

“Investigate Erdogan's Ties with IHH,” Washington Post, June 6, 2010, http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3899490,00.html.

Respect, “International Solidarity,” 2010, http://www.therespectparty.net/manifesto.php?category=International.

Respect, “Civil Liberties,” 2010, http://www.therespectparty.net/manifesto.php?category=CivilLiberties.

S. Ravinel, “Le NPA Présente une Candidate Voilée,” Le Figaro, February 2, 2010, http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2010/02/02/01002-20100202ARTFIG00688-le-npa-presente-une-candidate-voilee-.php.

“Jackal's book praises Bin Laden,” BBC News, June 26, 2003, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3022358.stm.

D. Horowitz, Unholy Alliance: Radical Islam and the American Left (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2004); E. Karmon, Coalitions Between Terrorist Organizations: Revolutionaries, Nationalists and Islamists (Boston, MA: Martinus Nijhoff, 2005); M. Phillips, Londonistan (London: Encounter Books, 2006).

R. Bertrand, The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism (London: HarperCollins, 1963), 18–20.

B. Russell, A History of Western Philosophy (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1946), 383.

V. Nasr, The Shia Revival: How Conflicts Within Islam Will Shape the Future (New York: W.W. Norton, 2006), 126.

A. Shariati, An Approach to the Understanding of Islam (Houston: Free Islamic Literatures, 1980).

I. Khomeini, Islamic Government: Governance of the Jurist (Tehran: The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's works, 2002), 30.

S. Hajjar, Hezbollah: Terrorism, National Liberation, or Menace? (Carlisle, PA: U.S. Army War College, 2002), 11.

C. Harman, “The Prophet and the Proletariat,” International Socialism 64 (Autumn 1994), http://pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk/isj64/harman.htm.

D. Crouch, “The Bolsheviks and Islam,” International Socialism (Spring 2006): 56, http://pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk/sr280/crouch.htm.

B. Lawrence, Messages to the World: The Statements of Osama Bin Laden (New York: Verso, 2005), 184.

“The Cairo Declaration Against U.S. Hegemony and War on Iraq and in Solidarity with Palestine,” Socialist Viewpoint, December 18, 2002, http://www.socialistviewpoint.org/feb_03/feb_03_13.html#declaration.

In January 1989, the political and spiritual leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution wrote in his letter to Gorbachev: “I strongly urge that in breaking down the walls of Marxist fantasies you do not fall into the prison of the West and the Great Satan [i.e., the United States] …. I call upon you seriously to study and conduct research into Islam …. I openly announce that the Islamic Republic of Iran, as the greatest and most powerful base of the Islamic world, can easily help fill up the ideological vacuum of your system.” See D. Pipes, “The Western Mind of Radical Islam,” First Things 58 (December 1995), http://www.danielpipes.org/273/the-western-mind-of-radical-islam.

B. Klandermans, The Social Psychology of Protest (Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1997), 2.

K. Kammeyer, G. Ritzer, and N. Yetman, Sociology: Experiencing Changing Societies (London: Allyn and Bakon, 1990), 660.

E. Goffman, Frame Analysis (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1974).

D. McAdam, “Introduction: Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Framing Processes—Toward a Synthetic, Comparative Perspective on Social Movements,” in D. McAdam, J. D. McCarthy, and M. Zald, eds., Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures and Cultural Framings (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 6.

D. A. Snow and R. D. Benford, “Master Frames and Cycles of Protest,” in A. Morris and C. McClurg Mueller, eds., Frontiers in Social Movement Theory (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992), 133–155.

P. E. Oliver and H. Johnston, “What a Good Idea! Frames and Ideologies in Social Movement Research,” Mobilization 5 (2000): 37–54.

H. Johnston, Tales of Nationalism: Catalonia, 1939–1979 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1991).

S. M. Capek, “Environmental Justice Frame: A Conceptual Discussion and Application,” Social Problems 40 (1993): 5–24.

S. Blum-Kulka and T. Liebes, “Frame Ambiguities: Intifada Narrativization of the Experience by Israeli Soldiers,” in A. A. Cohen and G. Wolsfeld, eds., Framing the Intifada: People and Media Norwood (NJ: Ablex, 1993), 27–52.

R. K. Noonan, “Women Against the State: Political Opportunities and Collective Action Frames in Chile's Transition to Democracy,” Sociological Forum 10, no. 1 (1995): 81–111.

S. Goldenberg, “Osama bin Laden Lends Unwelcome Support in Fight Against Climate Change,” The Guardian, January 29, 2010, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/jan/29/osama-bin-laden-climate-change.

Hizballah, “A Message Addressed to the Pope upon his Visit to Lebanon in May,” through Manar TV, Beirut, June 20, 1997, http://almashriq.hiof.no/lebanon/300/320/324/324.2/hizballah/.

N. Guttman, “Hezbollah Among Hosts of Anti-Globalization, Anti-War Conference,” Haaretz, September 14, 2004, http://www.haaretz.com/news/hezbollah-among-hosts-of-anti-war-conference-1.134782.

R. Rafei, “Hezbollah Finds Left-Leaning Friends Abroad,” The Los Angeles Times, August 30, 2008, http://articles.latimes.com/2008/aug/30/world/fg-hezleft30.

“The Political Document (Manifesto) of Hizballah,” Syrian News Station, November 30, 2009, http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/7187.

“The Failure of the Free Market,” Hizb ut-Tahrir America, August, 23, 2009, http://www.hizb-america.org/culture/political-analysis/129-the-failure-of-the-free-market.

“Tehran Students Hold Demo in Solidarity with Occupy Wall St,” Tehran Times, October 22, 2011, http://tehrantimes.com/index.php/politics/3816-students-hold-demo-in-sympathy-with-wall-st-protests-.

“Leader Felicitates Nation on Prophet's Birth Anniversary,” Payvant Iran News, May 28, 2002, http://www.payvand.com/news/02/may/1121.html.

A. Woods, “Iran: Regime Steps Up Terror—A General Strike is Needed,” Asian Marxist Review (Summer 2009): 6.

R. Phillips, “Standing Together: The Muslim Association of Britain and the Anti-War Movement,” Race & Class 50, no. 2 (2008): 101–113.

“No Cartoon but Hostility to the People,” DHKC International, February 7, 2006, http://www.dhkc.org/www/index.html (retrieved January 5, 2010).

N. Seretakis, “Notes on the anti-globalization movement,” Communist Review, October 9, 2002 [in Greek], http://inter.kke.gr/TheSocial/2002-12-globaliz/.

A. Badiou, “Derrière la Loi Foulardière, la Peur,” Le Monde, February 22, 2004, http://www.legrandsoir.info/Derriere-la-Loi-foulardiere-la-peur.html.

“Oil Imperialism,” Socialism Today, 74, April-May 2003, http://www.socialismtoday.org/74/oil.html.

“Revolutionary Struggle,” Communiqué, Newspaper To Pontiki, January 25, 2007, http://eaprokirikseis.squat.gr/2010/11/26/5%CE%B7-2512007/.

B. Lawrence (see note 23 above), 240.

D. Davis, “United in Hate,” The Spectator, August 20, 2005, http://www.spectator.co.uk/features/14050/united-in-hate/.

Third Interview with Dr. Ayman al-Zawahiri, May 5, 2007, http://www.archive.org/details/The-all-Interviewes-with-Dr-Ayman-al-Zawahiri.

D. Godard, Afghanistan: Aveu d'Echec..., February 7, 2010, http://www.npa2009.org/content/afghanistan-aveu-d%C3%A9chec.

Y. Ridley, Europeans Wake Up to the Fact that Israel Probably is the Biggest Threat to World Peace, July 29, 2009, http://continuefighting.blogspot.com/2009/07/europeans-have-now-woken-up-to-fact.html.

N. Lountos, “Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism: Freedom to Palestine” (presentation at the Marxism 2010 Conference, Athens, Greece, May 15, 2010).

Lebanese Communist Party, Les Relations Politiques Interieures Du Parti Communiste Libanais, 2009, http://test1.lcparty.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=107&Itemid=14.

Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist-Leninist), Victory to Resistance in Lebanon and Palestine, August 5, 2006, http://www.cpgb-ml.org/download/leaflets/lebanon_20060804.pdf.

“End Israel's Occupation,” DHKC International, March 29, 2002, http://www.dhkc.org/www/index.html (retrieved January 5, 2010).

“Nasrallah Vows Colossal Surprise if Israel Attacks, Hizballah Doesn't Want Another War with Israel,” Hizballah, August 15, 2008, http://english.moqawama.org/essaydetailsf.php?eid=741&fid=11.

Hamas, The Charter of Allah: The Platform of the Islamic Resistance Movement, 1988, http://www.thejerusalemfund.org/www.thejerusalemfund.

C. Leuprecht, T. Hataley, S. Moskalenko, and C. McCauley, “Containing the Narrative: Strategy and Tactics in Countering the Storyline of Global Jihad,” Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism 5, no. 1 (2010): 47.

On the Red-Green partnership in the United Kingdom see R. Lambert, “Salafi and Islamist Londoners: Stigmatised Minority Faith Communities Countering al-Qaeda,” Crime, Law and Social Change 50 (2008): 73–89.