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This article describes the processes and outcomes of three-dimensional concept mapping to conceptualize financial exploitation of older adults. Statements were generated from a literature review and by local and national panels consisting of 16 experts in the field of financial exploitation. These statements were sorted and rated using Concept Systems software, which grouped the statements into clusters and depicted them as a map. Statements were grouped into six clusters, and ranked by the experts as follows in descending severity: (a) theft and scams, (b) financial victimization, (c) financial entitlement, (d) coercion, (e) signs of possible financial exploitation, and (f) money management difficulties. The hierarchical model can be used to identify elder financial exploitation and differentiate it from related but distinct areas of victimization. The severity hierarchy may be used to develop measures that will enable more precise screening for triage of clients into appropriate interventions.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by grant number 2006-MU-MU-0004 from the National Institute of Justice. Points of view are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the position of the U.S. Department of Justice.
We would like to thank the following individuals and institutions for their contributions to this project: Dr. Georgia Anetzberger, Cleveland State University; Marguerite Angelari, Loyola University Chicago School of Law; Dr. XinQi Dong, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Nancy Flowers, Evanston Commission on Aging, Evanston, IL; Dr. Jordan Kosberg, University of Alabama School of Social Work; Patricia Lynch, Independent Positive Living Under Supervision, Lake County, IL; Bette MacLennan, Catholic Charities Elder Protective Services, Chicago, IL; Daniel Maher, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Dr. Gregory Paveza, University of South Florida Lakeland; Kathleen Quinn, National Adult Protective Services Association, Springfield, IL; Mary Joy Quinn, San Francisco Probate Court; Barbara Shaw, Illinois Violence Prevention Authority; Marcia Spira, Loyola University School of Social Work, Chicago, IL; Heather Underwood, Age Options, Oak Park, IL; Dr. Kathleen Wilber, University of Southern California; Holly Zielke, Illinois Department on Aging.