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Little is known about the impact of terrorism on children's cognitive functioning and school learning. The primary purpose of this study was to report on cognitive functioning among school-age children 20 months after a terrorist attack against their school. Participants included 203 directly and indirectly exposed children from Beslan and 100 nonexposed children from another town of the Russian Federation. All children were tested using nonverbal neuropsychological measures of attention, memory, and visual-spatial performance. Predisaster traumatic events and terrorism-related exposure factors were evaluated. Findings revealed that overall, directly and indirectly exposed children performed significantly less well than controls in all domains. In addition, direct exposure and loss of a family member were associated with poor memory performance.
This research was supported by the Department of Developmental and Socialization Psychology, University of Padova, Italy, and by the Non-Governmental Organization “Help Us Save the Children,” Rovereto, Italy. We thank all the children who participated in the study. We gratefully acknowledge the school personnel of Beslan's new School No.1 for their availability and collaboration, and Ennio Bordato for making this study possible.