A total of 245 newly shed deciduous incisors were obtained from 114 first‐grade children who each contributed more than one tooth. Lead concentrations averaged about fivefold higher in circumpulpal dentin than in the whole tooth, but the two parameters showed little correlation. A considerable intraindividual variation in lead levels was partly related to tooth type. In particular, whole upper central incisors contained more lead than did other incisors, but the reverse applied to circumpulpal dentin lead concentration. As whole‐tooth and circumpulpal lead concentrations may represent different compartments, tooth lead analyses must be interpreted accordingly. Lead levels in circumpulpal dentin would appear to be a meaningful indicator of long‐term lead retention in population studies of children.