The present investigation reports the results of the Cd accumulated by five Populus at six Cd supply levels (0, 0.5, 2, 6, 25, 60 mg/kg) in soils. For all tested Populus species, Cd accumulated by the leaves, stems, and roots linearly increased with increasing Cd supply levels, the higher concentration Cd treatments significantly promoted the Cd accumulation. P. hopeiensis, and P. tomentosa always performed the stronger ability of Cd accumulation than other three Populus species under different Cd supply treatments, and P. nira var. thevestina and P. leucoides had the poorer accumulation ability. Cd in soil was more intensively absorbed in the leaves and stems for all 5 Populus species, was not retained in roots and was transferred to aboveground plant tissues.