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In Central Asia, the post‐Soviet transformation period has been accompanied by significant economic and social costs, including the widening of the gender gaps in politics, economy and the social sphere. Tajikistan, which receives the largest amount of international aid and has the worst record of gender inequity in Central Asia, has quickly responded to the worsening situation by introducing quotas favoring female representation in politics, labor market and education. This article examines the context within which international gender equity norms were introduced in the 1990s as well as the factors that account for the variation in implementation of these policies. By using the case study of Tajikistan, this article suggests that the introduction of policies favoring female participation in political, economic and social life has largely depended on the transfer of international discourses on gender equality, while their implementation has been halted by historical legacies, economic realities and local political factors.
Notes
1. A female religious figure who oversees observance of female ritual practices in a community.
2. According to ADB (2000), the government's revenue as a percentage of GDP fell by more than a half between 1992 and 1997.
3. Youth constitutes 40.6% of the total number of the unemployed in Tajikistan (UNICEF Transmonee 1999).
4. Net rates, percentage of the population aged three to six.
5. Gross rates, percentage of relevant population.
6. Gross rates percentage of population aged 15–18.
7. In 1997, the Ministry of Education adopted the Decree ‘On procedure of annual admittance of certain number of girls from remote areas in Universities of the country without entry exams’. The subsequent measures of the RT Government are reflected in Resolutions of the Government from 19 April 2001, No. 199, ‘On ordering of admittance of girls in the Universities of the Republic of Tajikistan, according to the presidential quota for the period of 2001–2005’, and from 4 August 2003, No. 344, ‘On introduction of amendments to parameters of the presidential quota on admittance of girls (without exams) in higher schools of the Republic of Tajikistan for 2001–2005’, which have increased the total number of quotas allocated to female students and expanded the range of higher education institutions and academic specialties designated for quotas.