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Farewell and See You Again Soon: The Millennium Development Goals and the Prospects of the Neoliberal Development Project

Reproducing Inequalities through Development: The MDGs and the Politics of Method

Abstract

This article is a critical inquiry into particular methodological means underlying analyses of development, inequalities, and poverty in the context of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) discourse. A populist approach to poverty reduction, the MDG initiative has gained much exposure at the expense of a closer scrutiny of the specific methodological premises (and their implications) underlining the development frameworks through which the goals were to be realized. A critical examination of premises of this kind demonstrates the way in which the application of specific methods in analyses of development and poverty is carefully crafted to serve discernible ideological ends. In order to explicate this by way of an example, I draw on MDG1 (and target 2 with reference to hunger), which I discuss in relation to its integration with the overarching development objective of realizing economic growth. My aim is to demonstrate how dominant explanations and understandings of poverty and hunger, social struggles for fundamental entitlements, and ultimately ‘development’, are construed in ways that are premised on abstractions from actual social and political relations; they are framed as ‘independent variables’ external to the very policies and strategies of international development. The critical engagement offered in my analysis is timely, given the extent to which the MDG initiative and the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals agenda have been presented without any attempt to answer to decades (and more) of critical arguments that offer more rigorous and sustained understandings of inequalities, including deprivations of basic life sustaining needs and fundamental entitlements.

Extracto – Este artículo es una consulta crítica de los medios metodológicos particulares subyacentes al análisis del desarrollo, las inequidades y pobreza dentro del contexto del discurso de las Metas de Desarrollo del Milenio (MDGs por sus siglas en inglés). Una aproximación populista a la reducción de la pobreza, la iniciativa MDG ha Ganado mucha exposición a costa de un escrutinio más cercano de específicas premisas metodológicas (y de sus implicaciones) como trasfondo del marco de desarrollo bajo el que se alcanzarían tales metas. Un examen crítico de premisas de esta naturaleza demuestra la forma en que la aplicación de métodos específicos en análisis de desarrollo y pobreza es manufacturada cuidadosamente para servir fines ideológicamente discernibles. Con el objeto de explicar esto con un ejemplo, el autor se basa en MDG1 (y en la meta 2 en materia de hambre), que se comenta en relación con su integración con el predominante objetivo de desarrollo de alcanzar el crecimiento económico. Se intenta demostrar cómo las explicaciones y conocimiento dominantes de la pobreza y el hambre, los enfrentamientos sociales por derechos fundamentales y, por último, el “desarrollo” son construidos en forma tal que sus premisas constituyen abstracciones de las efectivas relaciones sociales y políticas; están enmarcadas como “variables independientes” externas a las mismas políticas y estrategias del desarrollo internacional. El compromiso crítico ofrecido en este análisis es oportuno, dada la medida en que la iniciativa MDG y la agenda de Metas de desarrollo Sostenible post-2015 han sido presentadas, sin ningún intento de responder a décadas (y más) de argumentos críticos que ofrecen una comprensión más rigurosa y sostenida de las inequidades, incluyendo privación de las más básicas necesidades de vida y de los derechos fundamentales.

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Clive Gabay for organizing and facilitating this Special Issue. My specific thanks to one referee whose comments led to significant improvements. I would also like to thank Martin Weber for providing helpful comments on drafts of this paper.

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Dr. Heloise Weber is Senior Lecturer in International Relations and Development Studies at the School of Political Science and International Studies, The University of Queensland (Brisbane, Queensland, Australia). She has published widely on the global politics of development, inequalities and poverty reduction strategies, as well as on theoretical and methodological concerns in the global politics of development. She is co-author (with M.T. Berger) of Rethinking the third world—International development and world politics (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014). She is the editor of Politics of development (Routledge, 2014).

 

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