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Qualitative and mixed methods digital social research often relies on gathering and storing social media data through the use of APIs (Application Programming Interfaces). In past years this has been relatively simple, with academic developers and researchers using APIs to access data and produce visualisations and analysis of social networks and issues. In recent years, API access has become increasingly restricted and regulated by corporations at the helm of social media networks. Facebook (the corporation) has restricted academic research access to Facebook (the social media platform) along with Instagram (a Facebook-owned social media platform). Instead, they have allowed access to sources where monetisation can easily occur, in particular, marketers and advertisers. This leaves academic researchers of digital social life in a difficult situation where API related research has been curtailed. In this paper we describe some rationales and methodologies for using APIs in social research. We then introduce some of the major events in academic API use that have led to the prohibitive situation researchers now find themselves in. Finally, we discuss the methodological and ethical issues this produces for researchers and, suggest some possible steps forward for API related research.

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Author information

Jessamy Perriam

Jessamy Perriam is a lecturer in sociology at The Open University where she is producing a new distance-learning module, Understanding Digital Societies. Her research interests include digital and social media in everyday life, public sector digital transformation, legacy technologies, digital research methods, and, cybersecurity.

Andreas Birkbak

Andreas Birkbak is an Assistant Professor in the Techno-Anthropology Research Group at the Department of Culture and Learning at Aalborg University (AAU) in Copenhagen. He is also on the Executive Committee of the Techno-Anthropology Lab (@TANTlab). His research focuses on digital publics but he engages broadly with science and technology studies and related fields.

Andy Freeman

Andy Freeman is a creative and social technologies lecturer in the department of Computing at Goldsmiths College, University of London, where he teaches digital humanities, creative computing and computer science. His research interests include critical technical/data practices, citizen technoscience, digital arts practices and digital journalism.

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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.