¹ As of the 24th of January 2012, the Convention has 153 signatories and 109 ratifications (http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src = TREATY&mtdsg_no = IV-15&chapter = 4&lang = en).

² Public transfers include all forms of public action, both formal and informal, while social insurance may be provided by state and non-state institutions.

³ Gary Becker's time allocation theory (1965 Becker, G. S. 1965. A theory of the allocation of time. Economic Journal, 75: 493–517. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), for example warned of work disincentives created by income shocks such as cash transfers (Abelson, 2000 Abelson, P. 2000. Public Economics in Australia: Principles and Practice, Sydney: Applied Economics.  [Google Scholar]; Cecchini, 2009 Cecchini, S. (2009) Do CCT programmes work in low-income countries. International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth, available at: http://www.ipc-undp.org.  [Google Scholar]). Health insurance theory pointed to “moral hazard”, first identified by Kenneth Arrow in 1963, highlighting the potential over use of services resulting from reductions in the price of health care (Musgrove, 2004 Musgrove, P., ed. 2004. Health Economics in Development, Washington, DC: The World Bank.  [Google Scholar]).

⁴ There are many versions of the social model; the unifying characteristic is that disability is perceived primarily as a social phenomenon (Shakespeare & Watson, 1997 Shakespeare, T. and Watson, N. 1997. Defending the social model. Disability & Society, 12(2): 293–300. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Barnes et al., 2002 Barnes, C., Oliver, M. and Barton, L., eds. 2002. Disability Studies Today, Cambridge: Polity Press.  [Google Scholar]).

⁵ From multiple country-level surveys as reviewed by the United Nations in 1990.

⁶ It is important to note that the conception of disability as a cross-cutting development problem is not new, dating back to the early 1990s, and that the mainstreaming of disability within development programmes is the result of a long and on-going struggle of advocacy by countless individuals and organisations.

⁷ Human capital encompasses health, education and labour, each of which may be compromised by disability as a result of impairment itself or social discrimination.

⁸ However, relying upon communities to judge the capacity of PWDs to work is also problematic when employment opportunities are rooted in local social structures (Conning & Kevane, 2002 Conning, J. and Kevane, M. 2002. Community-based targeting mechanisms for social safety nets: A critical review. World Development, 30(3): 375–394. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]).