1. See, for example, Judith Rodin, “The Boston Marathon Bombing: How the City Coped with its Deadly Terror Attack,” The Guardian, 12 January 2015.

2. “CONTEST: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering Terrorism.” Available at https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/97995/strategy-contest.pdf (Accessed date 17 September 2013).

3. New America Foundation “Defining Resilience.” Available at http://www.newamerica.net/events/2012/defining_resilience. Cited in Sandra Walklate, Ross McGarry, and Gabe Mythen, “Searching for Resilience: A Conceptual Excavation,” Armed Forces & Society 40(3) (2014), p. 410.

4. Myrian Dunn Cavelty, Mareile Kaufmann, and Kristian Søby Kristensen, “Resilience and (In)security: Practices, Subjects, Temporalities,” Security Dialogue 46(1) (2015), pp. 3–4.

5. For example, Philippe Bourbeau, “Resiliencism: Premises and Promises in Securitisation Research,” Resilience: International Policies, Practices and Discourses 1(1) (2013), pp. 3–17.

6. For example, Jonathan Joseph, “Resilience as Embedded Form of Neoliberalism: A Governmentality Approach, Resilience: International Policies, Practices and Discourses 1(1) (2013).

7. For example, Richard J. Chasdi, “A Continuum of Nation-State Resiliency to Watershed Terrorist Events,” Armed Forces and Society 40(3) (2014); Reuven Gal, “Social Resilience in Times of Protracted Crises: An Israeli Case Study,” Armed Forces and Society 40(3) (2014); Louise K. Comfort, Arjen Boin, and Chris C. Demchak, eds., Designing Resilience: Preparing for Extreme Events (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2010).

8. Walklate et al., “Searching for Resilience,” p. 412.

9. For example, Xie Yue, “Collective Actions and the Continuation of Political Resilience: An Explanation of the Languishing Political Transition in China,” Modern China Studies 21(1) (2014); Leonora C. Angeles, “The Political Dimension in the Agrarian Question: Strategies of Resilience and Political Entrepreneurship of Agrarian Elite Families in a Philippine Province,” Rural Sociology 64(4) (1999); Mark Harrison, “The Soviet Union After 1945: Economic Recovery and Political Repression,” Past and Present 210(6) (2011).

10. Angeles, “The Political Dimension in the Agrarian Question,” pp. 669–670.

11. Gal, “Social Resilience in Times of Protracted Crises,” p. 456.

12. See, for example, Jonathan DiJohn “State Resilience Against All Odds: An Analytical Narrative on the Construction and Maintenance of Political Order in Zambia Since 1960,” 2010. Available at http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/28393/1/WP75.2.pdf (Accessed 26 February 2015).

13. Stephan Lindemann and James Putzel, “State Resilience in Tanzania: Draft Analytical Narrative.” Available at http://www.lse.ac.uk/internationalDevelopment/research/crisisStates/download/seminars/PutzelLindemannTanzaniaApr30.pdf (Accessed 25 February 2015).

14. Clark McCauley, “Discussion Point: Introducing ‘Political Resilience.’” Available at http://www.start.umd.edu/news/discussion-point-introducing-political-resilience (Accessed 7 November 2014).

15. Carl Folke, “Resilience: The Emergence of a Perspective for Social-Ecological Systems Analyses,” Global Environmental Change 16(3) (2006), pp. 253–267; Fridolin S. Brand and Kurt Jax, “Focusing the Meaning(s) of Resilience: Resilience as a Descriptive Concept and a Boundary Object,” Ecology and Society 12(1) (2007); Arjen Boin, Louise K. Comfort, and Chris C. Demchak, “The Rise of Resilience,” and Mark de Bruijne, Arjen Boin, and Michel van Eeten, “Resilience: Exploring the Concept and Its Meanings,” in Comfort et al., eds., Designing Resilience; Bourbeau, “Resiliencism.”

16. The description of different lines is based mainly on Simin Davoudi, “Resilience: A Bridging Concept of a Dead End?,” Planning Theory & Practice 13(2) (2012). Also, the following contributions were particularly helpful: Bourbeau, “Resiliencism” and Brand and Jax, “Focusing the Meaning(s) of Resilience.”

17. Davoudi, “Resilience: A Bridging Concept of a Dead End?,” pp. 300–301. See also Brian Walker and Jacqueline A. Meyers, “Tresholds in Ecological and Social-Ecological Systems: A Developing Database,” Ecology and Society 9(2) (2004).

18. Lance Gunderson, C. S. Holling, L. Pritchard, and G. D. Peterson, “Resilience,” in Harold A. Mooney and Josep G. Canadell, eds., Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, vol. 2 The Earth System: Biological and Ecological Dimensions of Global Environmental Change (SCOPE, 2002), pp. 530–531.

19. Davoudi, “Resilience: A Bridging Concept of a Dead End?,” p. 302.

20. Ibid. See also Carl Folke, Stephen R. Carpenter, Brian Walker, Marten Scheffer, Terry Chaplin, and Johan Rockström, “Resilience Thinking: Integrating Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability,” Ecology and Society 15(4) (2010).

21. Davoudi, “Resilience: A Bridging Concept of a Dead End?,” p. 302.

22. It should be added here that despite this, the theoretization of adaptability, transformation, and stability within social–ecological resilience has not been widely adopted in the social sciences. Some authors argue that this meaning of resilience has been “lost” in translation into the social sciences (e.g., Walklate et al., “Searching for Resilience,” p. 419). Even though many authors indeed share many of the key premises of social–ecological resilience and are aware of the existence of this tradition, when situating themselves to earlier treatises of resilience, the reference point and object of criticism appears to be more often rather engineering and ecological resilience.

23. Bourbeau, “Resiliencism,” p. 10.

24. Ibid.

25. Ibid., p. 12. See also Bruijne et al., “Resilience: Exploring the Concept and Its Meanings,” pp. 26–30.

26. Similarly, Håkan Wiberg has written about security: “At least one thing about security seems to be agreed on by most authors—it is something good. In other words, the very term ‘security’ is value-loaded. And precisely for this reason much less agreement exists on what clear meaning to attach to that word.” Håkan Wiberg, “The Security of Small Nations: Challenges and Defences,” Journal of Peace Research 24(4) (1987), p. 340.

27. Such as Boin et al., “The Rise of Resilience.”

28. Bourbeau, “Resiliencism,” pp. 8–9.

29. Folke et al., “Resilience Thinking.”

30. Walklate et al., “Searching for Resilience.”

31. For example, Jose Olmeda, “Fear or Falsehood? Framing the 3/11 Terrorist Attacks in Madrid and Electoral Accountability,” Real Instituto Elcano Working Paper 24 (2005); Teemu Sinkkonen, Political Responses to Terrorism: Case Study on the Madrid Terrorist Attack on March 11, 2004, and Its Aftermath (Tampere: Tampere University Press, 2009).

32. Social cohesion reflects normally divisions based on social class and economic position, but it can also be used when referring to similar divisions based on ethnic distinctions. Sometimes concept community cohesion is used when referring more specifically to ethnic divisions, but in this text there is no need to make a distinction between these two types of cohesion. About the terminology see, for example, Ted Cantle, Community Cohesion: A New Framework for Race and Diversity (Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), pp. 54–55; Charles Husband and Yunis Alam, Social Cohesion and Counter-Terrorism: A Policy Contradiction? (Bristol: The Policy Press, 2011), pp. 19–23. Criticism toward counterterrorism strategies and marginalization, for example, Anne Aly, “The Policy Response to Home-Grown Terrorism: Reconceptualising Prevent and Resilience as Collective Resistance,” Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism 8(1) (2013), pp. 2–18.

33. Arjen Boin, Louise K. Comfort, and Chris C. Demchak, “The Rise of Resilience,” in Louise K. Comfort, Arjen Boin, and Chris C. Demchak, eds., Designing Resilience: Preparing for Extreme Events (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2010), pp. 7–8.

34. Cavelty et al., “Resilience and (In)security.”

35. Bourbeau, “Resiliencism,” p. 11.

36. See, for example, Jeffrey Kaplan, Heléne Lööw, and Leena Malkki, “Introduction to the Special Issue on Lone Wolf and Autonomous Cell Terrorism,” Terrorism and Political Violence 26(1) (2014).

37. Davoudi, “Resilience: A Bridging Concept of a Dead End?,” p. 306.

38. On the dynamics of social responses to terrorist attacks, see Sinkkonen, Political Responses to Terrorism.

39. For example, Indridi H. Indridason, “Does Terrorism Influence Domestic Politics? Coalition Formation and Terrorist Incidents,” Journal of Peace Research 45(2) (2008); Laron K. Williams, Michael T. Koch, and Jason M. Smith, “The Political Consequences of Terrorism: Terror Events, Casualties and Government Duration,” International Studies Perspectives 14 (2013); Martin Gassebner, Richard Jong-A-Pin, and Jochen O. Mierau, “Terrorism and Cabinet Duration,” International Economic Review 52(4) (2011).

40. Andrew Heywood, Politics (Houndsmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), p. 266.

41. Jeroen Warner, “The Politics of ‘Catastrophization,’” in Dorothea Hilhorst, ed., Disaster, Conflict and Society in Crises. Everyday Politics of Crisis Response (Routledge, 2013), p. 86. The concept of social contract is also used in Dirk Haubrich, “The Social Contract and the Three Types of Terrorism: Democratic Society in the United Kingdom After 9/11 and 7/7,” in Martha Crenshaw (ed.), Consequences of Counterterrorism (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2009).

42. Kari Palonen, “Four Times of Politics: Policy, Polity, Politicking, and Politicization,” Alternatives 28 (2003), p. 179.

43. Barry Buzan, Ole Waever, and Jaap de Wilde, Security: A New Framework for Analysis (Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998), p. 23.

44. See, for example, Mathieu Deflem, “International Police Cooperation Against Terrorism: Interpol and Europol in Comparison,” Huseyin Durmaz et al., eds., Understanding and Responding to Terrorism (IOS Press, 2007).

45. Palonen, “Four Times of Politics,” p. 175.

46. Ibid., p. 178.

47. Martha Crenshaw, “Introduction,” in Martha Crenshaw (ed.), The Consequences of Counterterrorism, p. 1.

48. European Union Counter-Terrorism Strategy, 14469/4/05 REV 04 (2005), p. 6.