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ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Procurement management using option contracts: random spot price and the portfolio effect

, &
Pages 793-811
Received 01 May 2008
Accepted 01 Dec 2009
Published online: 15 Sep 2010
 

This article considers the value of portfolio procurement in a supply chain, where a buyer can either procure parts for future demand from sellers using fixed price contracts or, option contracts or tap into the market for spot purchases. A single-period portfolio procurement problem when both the product demand and the spot price are random (and possibly correlated) is examined and the optimal portfolio procurement strategy for the buyer is constructed. A shortest-monotone path algorithm is provided for the general problem to obtain the optimal procurement solution and the resulting expected minimum procurement cost. In the event that demand and spot price are independent, the solution algorithm simplifies considerably. More interestingly, the optimal procurement cost function in this case has an intuitive geometrical interpretation that facilitates managerial insights. The portfolio effect, i.e., the benefit of portfolio contract procurement over a single contract procurement is also studied. Finally, an extension to a two-period problem to examine the impact of inventory on the portfolio procurement strategy is discussed.

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the anonymous associate editor and two referees for their constructive comments, which greatly improved this article. We are also grateful to V. Nagali, D. Sanghera, J. Hwang, M. Gaskins, T. Thurston, etc., from HP's PRM group, for their helpful discussions and suggestions. The HP group also shared with us some of the issues they faced while implementing the PRM approach in the industry. This research is supported in part by Hong Kong RGC Earmark Grant 615607.

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