Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy is an unusual form of child abuse in which the mother falsifies illness in her child by simulating and#shor producing illness. The syndrome is found in all socioeconomic groups. The father is characteristically unin‐volved and passive, yet supportive of the mother. The age of patients ranges up to 8 years, but most of the fatalities are in children under that age. Consequences of the syndrome may include frequent hospitalizations, painful tests, potentially harmful treatment, and death. The article includes symptoms and suggested professional actions.