Double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids (NAs) were shown to interact with chitosans to form under certain conditions (chitosan molecular mass, content of amino groups, distance between amino groups, pH of solution, etc.) multiple types of liquid crystalline dispersions. The dispersions formed are different in their spatial structures, and hence in the sense and magnitude of the abnormal optical activity. The physicochemical properties of these dispersions were investigated. Time- and temperature-stabilization of dispersions that possess abnormal optical activity were achieved by chemical crosslinking of chitosan molecules in the liquid crystalline dispersions formed from NA–chitosan complexes. The accessibility of these ‘NA–liquid crystalline elastomers' with respect to enzyme and drug action was tested. The multiplicity of liquid crystalline forms of DNA–chitosan complexes was possibly explained by the influence of the character of the dipole distribution over the surface DNA molecules on the sense of the spatial twist of the cholesteric liquid crystalline dispersions resulting from these complexes.