This study examined whether the traditional classification of penal-orientation—retribution, deterrence, and rehabilitation—would emerge empirically. The study sample consisted of 150 criminal justice functionaries (judges, defense counsel, prosecutors, social workers, and probation officers). Analysis indicated that the hypothesized dimensions of penal-orientation above were not supported. The new dimensions, which were empirically separable and interpretable were “retribution-deters,” “rehabilitation for society,” and “rehabilitation for individual.”