In brief: Since women entered the US Air Force Academy in 1976, their fitness level has continued to improve at an impressive rate. For example, at first they averaged seven fewer sit-ups than men; now the opposite is true—men average seven fewer sit-ups than women. The curriculum has remained virtually the same for both sexes. The physical fitness test is also the same for both men and women; the standards for the cardiovascular fitness test are slightly lower for women. A major concern is the women's injury rate, which is approximately twice that of men performing similar activities. The author stresses the need to identify factors contributing to the cause of this problem. (Physical fitness training at the US Naval Academy was discussed in part 1, February 1989.)