Background: Whipple's disease, like other malabsorption syndromes, ought to predispose to osteopenia. We therefore evaluated bone mass and mineral metabolism in a cohort of patients with this condition. Methods: Twelve male patients with Whipple's disease and 36 male age-matched healthy subjects took part in the study. None of the patients complained of diarrhea at the time of the study. Bone mineral density at the lumbar and femoral level and serum levels of indices of bone and mineral metabolism and of gonadal function were measured. Results: Bone mineral density at the total femur and femoral neck were significantly lower in patients with Whipple's disease than in healthy volunteers, whereas no significant difference was found at the lumbar level. In patients with Whipple's disease serum levels of type-I collagen teleopeptide (ICTP) and sex-hormone-binding globulin were significantly higher, whereas serum levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormone were significantly lower than in healthy volunteers. Moreover, testosterone correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with lumbar bone mineral density (r_s = 0.64) and serum ICTP levels (r_s = _0.63). Conclusions: In patients with previously treated Whipple's disease and without any current symptoms of malabsorption, bone loss is generally moderate and linked to the presence of hypogonadism.