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Methods, Models, and GIS

Spatial Optimization in Geography

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Pages 1290-1309
Received 01 Mar 2011
Accepted 01 Jul 2011
Published online: 20 Jun 2012
 

This article discusses spatial optimization in geography, focusing on contributions of geographers in explicit geographical contexts. An overview of spatial optimization is given, as well as illustrative examples. Many of the individuals contributing to this area of the discipline are identified, demonstrating the breadth of academic institutions spanning the globe where spatial optimization is represented in the research and curriculum of geographers. The article provides a characterization of what a spatial optimization problem is, but also properties, relationships, and challenges behind this. The ultimate purpose of this article is to highlight the spatial optimization subspecialty within geography and in doing so, highlight the need for continued spatial model development and application in the discipline. Further, there is also a need for research focused on techniques to solve spatial optimization problems, particularly in the context of geographic information systems.

Este artículo trata sobre la optimización espacial en geografía, con énfasis en las contribuciones de geógrafos en contextos geográficos explícitos. Se presenta una sucinta visión sobre optimización espacial, lo mismo que ejemplos ilustrativos. Se identifica a muchos de quienes trabajan en esta área, poniendo de presente el conjunto de instituciones académicas en ámbito global en donde la optimización espacial se manifiesta en la investigación y el currículo de los geógrafos. En el artículo se hace una caracterización de lo que se entiende por problema de optimización espacial, pero también se trata sobre propiedades, relaciones y los retos que hay al respecto. En últimas, el propósito del artículo es destacar la subespecialidad de la optimización espacial en geografía y al propio tiempo relievar la necesidad de continuar con el desarrollo de la modelización espacial y su aplicación en la disciplina. Además, se enfatiza la necesidad de más investigación que se centre en técnicas para resolver problemas de optimización espacial, en particular en el contexto de los sistemas de información geográfica.

Notes

1. Because of the limited scope, no discussion of optimization used in facets of GIScience, statistics, spatial statistics, cartography, geostatistics, and so on is included. See Murray (2007 Murray, A. T. 2007. “Optimization”. In Encyclopedia of geographic information science, Edited by: Kemp, K. 33334. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.  [Google Scholar]) for a more general discussion that includes these areas.

2. This might not always be the case, as it is possible to structure a heuristic solution approach without technically formulating the actual problem of interest.

3. The p median problem aims to find p facility locations that minimize overall demand weighted travel distance.

4. The maximal covering location problem seeks to identify the spatial configuration of a fixed number of service facilities so that the overall coverage provided is maximized.

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