Relaxation constitutes a primary feature of yoga as it is taught in the West today. However, typical modern practices have no precedent in the pre-modern yoga tradition, but derive largely from techniques of proprioceptive relaxation developed in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Europe and America. These techniques (along with their assumptions of the soteriological value of relaxation) in turn alter the theory and praxis of yoga itself, such that its fundamental enterprise is significantly modified. Does a transformation constitute a development or merely a corruption of the yoga tradition? This article considers the extent to which Modern Yoga fills the cultural space once occupied by ‘relaxationism’.
Mark Singleton was, until 2004, a research assistant in the Dharam Hinduja Institute of Indic Research (DHIIR) in the Faculty of Divinity at the University of Cambridge. He is completing a PhD thesis on mapping the intellectual history of Modern Yoga, 1900–1950.