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Available online: 22 Jul 2009The purpose of this study was to examine how 4-year-old children learn to use computers, with specific interest in what cognitive factors and parental scaffolding practices are associated with control of the computer via the computer mouse interface. Fifty-three 4-year-old children were videotaped while viewing two computer storybooks. Results indicated that children who had better executive functioning abilities were more likely to control the mouse. When the child primarily controlled the mouse, parent verbalizations were typically related to computer mechanics about how to use the mouse. In contrast, when the parent primarily controlled the mouse, parent verbalizations were focused on story-relevant questions. Regardless of whether the child or parent controlled the mouse, story comprehension was comparable. The results suggest that executive functioning ability is important in young children's development of computer skills and that parents adapt their verbalizations to match the abilities of their children and the tasks that they are doing.
Alexis R. Lauricella recently received a Master's degree from the Georgetown Public Policy Institute and is a doctoral candidate in the Psychology Department at Georgetown University. Alexis currently works in the Children's Digital Media Center and studies how young children learn from media. She received her Bachelor's degree from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, where she wrote her honors thesis under the mentorship of Dr. Daniel Anderson. Correspondence to: Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, 309B White-Gravenor, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA. Tel.: 202 687 7019; Fax: 202 687 6050;
Dr. Rachel F. Barr (PhD) is an associate professor of psychology at Georgetown University. She is currently the director of the Georgetown Early Learning Project, where she studies how infants learn from television, computers, or books, and how the home environment influences such learning. She received her PhD in developmental psychology from the University of Otago, New Zealand and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at Rutgers University before moving to Georgetown University in 2001. Dr. Barr was a ZERO TO THREE fellow in 2005.
Dr. Sandra L. Calvert is Chair and Professor of Psychology at Georgetown University. She is also the Director of the Children's Digital Media Center which is funded by the National Science Foundation. Dr. Calvert has published numerous empirical articles, authored Children's Journeys through the Information Age (McGraw Hill, 1999), coauthored Food Marketing to Children and Youth (The National Academies Press, 2006) and Youth, Pornography, and the Internet (The National Academies Press, 2002), and coedited Children in the Digital Age (Praeger, 2002) and The Handbook of Children, Media, and Development (Wiley-Blackwell, 2008).