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New approaches to understanding unconscious processes: Implicit and explicit memory systems
- DOI:
- 10.1080/08037060701676326
pages 204-212
Available online: 13 Dec 2007Abstract
Freud viewed the unconscious as being roughly equivalent to dynamically repressed wishes, needs, and motivations. Findings from developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, psychoanalysis, and neuroscience over the past 40 years have dramatically changed our views of unconscious processes and the human mind. It is now clear that Freud's dynamic unconscious is only a minor segment of information that is processed at subsymbolic, implicit, and automatic levels. Only a fraction of this information is further processed at explicit conscious levels. Moreover, the vast majority of the information that remains nonconscious is adaptive and has major consequences for development. We examine some clinical implications of these views.
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- Available online: 13 Dec 2007
Author affiliations
- a Attachment and Human Development Center, Washington School of Psychiatry, Washington, USA
- b Association of Cognitive Psychology, School of Cognitive Psychotherapy, Rome, Italy
Author biographies
Mauricio Cortina, MD is Director of the Attachment and Human Development Center of the Washington School of Psychiatry and Member of the Institute for Contemporary Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis, Washington DC.
Giovanni Liotti, MD is Director of Training, Association of Cognitive Psychology, School of Cognitive Psychotherapy, Rome, Italy.
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