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Examining the influence of drivers' characteristics during traffic stops with police: Results from a national survey
- DOI:
- 10.1080/07418820400095741
pages 49-90
- Published online: 20 Aug 2006
The factors that influence officer decision making after a traffic stop is initiated are examined using the Police-Public Contact Survey data collected in 1999. This investigation of police behavior is framed with an understanding of the organizational roots of racial profiling tactics and policies. The findings show that young black and Hispanic males are at increased risk for citations, searches, arrests, and uses of force after other extralegal and legal characteristics are controlled. Additional analyses show that minority drivers are not, however, more likely to be carrying contraband than are white drivers. The implications for policy and future research are discussed.
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- Citation information:
- Published online: 20 Aug 2006
Author affiliations
- a University of Cincinnati
- b Pennsylvania State University
Author biographies
Robin Shepard Engel, Ph.D., is an associate professor of criminal justice at the University of Cincinnati. Her current research involves theoretical and empirical explorations of police supervision, patrol officers' behavior, police response toward problem citizens, and criminal justice theory. She is currently engaged in the collection and analysis of police-citizen contact data during all traffic stops for the Pennsylvania State Police. Recent articles have appeared in Criminology, Justice Quarterly, and the Journal of Criminal Justice.
Jennifer M. Calnon, MA, is a doctoral candidate in crime, law, and justice at Pennsylvania State University. Her research interests include patrol officers' decision making, the role of race and gender in the criminal justice system, and intimate partner violence. She recently finished her tenure as the project manager for the Project on Police Citizen Contacts with the Pennsylvania State Police. She is currently working on her dissertation research, examining drivers' speeding behavior in Pennsylvania.
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