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Original Articles

Macmillan, Nkrumah and the 1961 Application for European Economic Community Membership

Pages 1-17
Published online: 27 Oct 2016
 
Translator disclaimer

The views held by African Commonwealth leaders are absent from the historiography of the Britain's first EEC application, despite their value for understanding why the Macmillan government experienced such difficulty in reorienting its foreign policy towards Europe. Between July 1961, when Ghanaian President Kwame Nkrumah established his opposition to the application, and January 1963, when it was vetoed by French President Charles de Gaulle, the Anglo-Ghanaian relationship was characterized by tension and acrimony. This article seeks to understand the impact of Nkrumah's objections to the application and Macmillan's reaction to Nkrumah's concerns. Though the Ghanaian President alone did not alter the course of Britain's approach to the Community, he did add to the tense atmosphere in which London considered how to approach the Commonwealth. Furthermore, Macmillan's efforts to maintain a positive relationship with Nkrumah, in the context of the Cold War, demonstrate the reluctance with which the prime minister loosened ties with the Commonwealth.

Additional author information

Lindsay Aqui

Lindsay Aqui is a third-year PhD candidate at Queen Mary University of London. Her thesis, provisionally entitled ‘An Exceptional Case: Britain, Renegotiation, Referendum and the European Community, 1 January 1973–5 June 1975’, examines notions of decline and exceptionalism as they relate to Britain's first experiences of Community membership.