
pages 99-110
Available online: 17 Jun 2008This article seeks to rethink how scholars have traditionally studied women's substantive representation. It outlines a framework that aims to replace questions like ‘Do women represent women?’ with ones like ‘Who claims to act for women?’ and ‘Where, how, and why does the substantive representation of women occur?’ Arguing that representation occurs both inside and outside legislative arenas, the article calls attention to the wide range of actors, sites, goal, and means that inform processes of substantive representation.
Karen Celis is Assistant Professor at the Department of Business Administration and Public Management of University College Ghent. She publishes on the political representation of women, state feminism, and gender and policy. E‐mail:
Sarah Childs is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Politics at the University of Bristol, United Kingdom. She has published widely on women's descriptive and substantive representation in the British House of Commons and on the feminization of British Political Parties. E‐mail:
Johanna Kantola is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Political Science at the University of Helsinki, Finland. She has published extensively on gender and the state. E‐mail:
Mona Lena Krook is Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science and Women and Gender Studies Program at Washington University in St. Louis, United States. She has written widely on the adoption and implementation of quotas for the selection of female candidates, as well as on links between the descriptive and substantive representation of women. E‐mail: